以来自全国6个稻区16个省（市、自治区）及外引的128份三系杂交稻恢复系为试验材料，采用均匀分布于水稻12条染色体的36对SSR引物及9个表型性状标记进行遗传多样性分析。根据SSR标记检测结果，基于遗传距离的Neibor-jointing聚类显示128份恢复系可分为6个类群，籼亚种（83.2%）和野败型（82.6%）大多数分布于类群1和类群2，粳亚种（81.5%）和BT型（78.6%）大部分聚在类群3，红莲型（75%）相对集中于类群1。系谱分析显示，含有IR24血缘的材料分布于4个聚类群，而明恢63及其衍生系则分布非常集中。36对SSR引物在128份恢复系中共检测出281个等位变异，平均每个位点8.0个，平均遗传多样性指数(He)为0.6190，其中籼亚种（0.5770）略高于粳亚种（0.5656），但未达显著水平。按恢保类型，BT型(0.5816)>野败型(0.5705)>红莲型(0.4989)，野败型与BT型无显著差异，但二者均显著高于红莲型。按不同地理来源，He呈现南方稻区大于北方稻区，以华中双单季稻稻区(0.6057)最高，与其他稻区差异极显著差异；其次为西南高原单双季稻稻区(0.5326)；华北单季稻稻区(0.3902)最小，与其他稻区也差异极显著。表型性状检测的标记表明，平均Shannon-Weiner多样性指数为1.3980，其中籼、粳亚种分别为1.3746和1.3789，未达显著差异；不同恢保类型表现为BT型(1.4026)>野败型(1.3567)>红莲型(1.1732)。表型性状与SSR标记结果表现出一致性，相关系数分别为0.9981*（按亚种）、0.9418（按恢保类型）和0.8835**（按稻区）。
Restorer line is one of the key factors in hybrid rice production, and the knowledge about its genetic diversity may facilitate rice heterosis application. The restorer resources of three-line hybrid rice in China are rich in quantity, but the overall knowledge of these resources are less, although some results regarding the genetic diversity of restorers with a small quantity of materials have been reported since 1990s. To understand the genetic diversity of the restorers of three-line hybrid rice at a whole resource level, we collected 128 accessions of restorer line from the 6 rice eco-regions and 16 provinces in China in the present study, among which 101 were indica and 27 japonica. The materials could be divided into three types, WA (92), HL (8), and BT (28) types respectively, based on sterile-and-restoring relation. Thirty six pairs of microsatellite (SSR) markers covering the 12 rice chromosomes evenly and 9 phenotypic traits including days of heading, growth duration, plant height, spike weight, spike length, grains per spike, 1 000-grain weight, grain length, and grain length/width ratio were used to reveal the genetic diversity of the materials. The neighbor-jointing cluster diagram based on SSR results showed that the 128 accessions were distributed in 6 clusters, including 44, 42, 28, 3, 7, and 5 accessions in 1 to 6 clusters, respectively. Most of the indica (83.2%) and WA type (82.6%) were distributed in clusters 1 and 2, the japonica (81.5%) and BT type (78.6%) in cluster 3, and HL type (75%) in cluster 1. Materials of IR 24 progeny distributed in 4 clusters, while those of Minghui 63 progeny were all in cluster 1. In the 128 accessions, a total of 281 alleles were found with an average of 8.0 per locus by SSR markers. The alleles were 265 and 186 in indica and japonica subspecies with the average of 7.4 and 5.2 per locus, respectively. The average genetic diversity index (He) of total materials was 0.6190, in which indica (0.5770)>japonica (0.5656) with no significant difference (P>0.05), BT (0.5816)>WA (0.5705)>HL (0.4989) types with no significance (P>0.05) between BT and WA types. The He values lined as eco-region Ⅱ>eco-region Ⅲ>eco-region Ⅵ>eco-region Ⅰ>eco-region Ⅴ> eco-region Ⅳ, in which both eco-regions Ⅱ and Ⅳ were significant (P<0.01) with others. Two Hunan (0.5615) and Sichuan (0.5236), which had comparative sample size, showed significant (P<0.01) difference on He value. Detected by the 9 phenotypic traits, the Shannon-weiner indices (I) were 1.3746 (indica) and 1.3789 (japonica), BT (1.4026)>WA (1.3567)>HL (1.1732) types, rice region Ⅱ (1.3921)>region Ⅲ (1.1209)>region Ⅴ (1.0570)>region Ⅰ (0.9954)>region Ⅵ (0.7818)>region Ⅳ (0.7411). Phenotypic and SSR data showed similar results with the correlation coefficient of 0.9981* (by subspecies), 0.9418 (by sterile-restoring relation), and 0.8835** (by rice eco-regions), respectively, indicating the accordant evolution between genotype and phenotype.
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