在证实Vrn-A1春化基因的STS标记与CAPS标记结果一致的基础上，用STS标记检测了全国主要麦区历史上大面积推广和当前主栽的250份品种的春化基因Vrn-A1。结果表明，中国品种Vrn-A1基因平均分布频率为36.8%，不同麦区的分布频率不同，依次为东北春麦区=北部春麦区=西北春麦区（100%）＞新疆冬春麦区（42.9%）＞西南冬麦区（35.3%）＞黄淮冬麦区（19.8%）＞长江中下游冬麦区（17.4%）＞北部冬麦区（3.0%），这与冬春特性有关。在长江中下游冬麦区和西南冬麦区品种中，Vrn-A1基因分布频率随着时间推移呈降低趋势；在黄淮冬麦区品种中，20世纪50到70年代呈上升趋势，随后呈下降趋势。在年最大推广面积大于66.7万hm2的58份品种中，Vrn-A1基因的频率为27.6%。这些信息有助于改良小麦品种的适应性和提高产量潜力。
Growth and development habit (spring vs. winter) of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is determined by Vrn genes, which affect its adaptability. The two-step procedure required for the CAPS marker and the additional cost of restriction enzyme were the limitation in high throughput screenings in breeding programs, so it was hoped that the CAPS marker could be replaced by the STS marker. The STS marker and CAPS marker of Vrn-A1 gene were compared by testing 22 Chinese wheat cultivars, and then 250 Chinese wheat cultivars were used to detect the Vrn-A1 gene distribution. The testing results of STS marker for Vrn-A1 gene in the 22 Chinese wheat cultivars were completely consistent with those of CAPS marker, suggesting that the STS marker is efficient and reliable for identifying Vrn-A1 gene in wheat breeding program. The average frequency of Vrn-A1 gene was 36.8% in the 250 tested Chinese wheat cultivars. Frequencies of Vrn-A1 gene in Northern Winter Wheat Region, Yellow & Huai River Facultative Winter Wheat Region, Middle & Low Yangtze Valley Winter Wheat Region, Southwestern Winter Wheat Region, Northeastern Spring Wheat Region, Northern Spring Wheat Region, Northwestern Spring Wheat Region and Xinjiang Winter-Spring Wheat Region were 3.0%, 19.8%, 17.4%, 35.3%, 100%, 100%, 100% and 42.9%, respectively. The differences of Vrn-A1 gene frequency were highly related to the growth habit of wheat. Middle & Low Yangtze Valley Winter Wheat Region and Southwestern Winter Wheat Region had a decreased frequency of Vrn-A1 gene, which increased from 1950s to 1970s, and then decreased since 1980 in Yellow & Huai River Facultative Winter Wheat Region. Frequency of Vrn-A1 gene was 27.6% in 58 cultivars whose planted area was more than 670,000 ha annually, and 70% in 10 cultivars with largest grown area in China from 1949 to 2000. The information could be useful for improving adaptability and yield potential of Chinese wheat cultivars.
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