以迟熟中粳稻淮稻68和镇稻88为材料，进行超高产栽培（产量> 11 t hm-2），以一般高产栽培为对照，观察了氮（N）、磷（P）和钾（K）吸收和累积特点。与对照（产量>7.5 t hm-2）相比，超高产栽培水稻在有效分蘖临界叶龄期前Ｎ的吸收量较低，拔节后的吸氮量较高；磷的吸收量在各生育期均高于对照，中后期尤为明显；K的吸收量在有效分蘖临界叶龄期以前，超高产稻与对照差异很小，自拔节起，前者明显高于后者。超高产栽培稻田N的输入输出基本平衡，普通高产栽培稻田表现为N盈余。在两种栽培条件下P与K均表现为表观亏缺，超高产栽培尤为严重。每生产1 000 kg稻谷所吸收的N、P、K，超高产中粳稻分别为21.6~21.9 kg、6.7~7.2 kg和24.8~25.6 kg，对照为23.8~24.3 kg、6.8~7.3 kg和27.4~29.0 kg。上述结果说明，超高产栽培中粳稻对养分吸收具有生育前期较低、中后期较高的特点，并具较高的产谷效率。对超高产栽培中粳稻养分吸收特点和养分优化管理进行了讨论。
Rice is one of the most important food crops in China. Elucidation of nutrient requirement and absorption has great significance in the realization of high-yielding, good quality and high efficiency in rice. The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of nutrient absorption in super-high-yielding cultivation (SHYC, grain yield >11 t ha-1) and in high-yielding cultivation as the control (grain yield > 7.5 t ha-1) using two mid-season and late-maturity japonica rice cultivars, Huaidao 68 and Zhendao 88. The absorption and accumulation of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) in the plants were analyzed. The results showed that plants in SHYC absorbed and accumulated less N before the critical stage of productive tillers and more N after the jointing stage, when compared with the those in control. The amount of P absorbed in SHYC was more than that in the control at each growth stage, especially at later growth stages. There was no significant difference in K absorption and accumulation between the SHYC and the control before the critical stage of productive tillers, whereas the plants in SHYC absorbed more K than in the control from jointing to maturity. Input of N balanced the output in SHYC, but the control showed more input than output in N. There were more outputs than inputs in P and K for both SHYC and high-yielding cultivation, especially the former. The amount absorbed of N, P, K for the production of 1 000 kg grains was 21.6–21.9 kg, 6.7–7.2 kg, and 24.8–25.6 kg, respectively in SHYC, and 23.8–24.3 kg, 6.8–7.3 kg, and 27.4–29.0 kg, respectively, in the control. The results indicated that the mid-season japonica rice with SHYC absorbed nutrients less at early growth stages whereas more during the later growth period, and increased the internal nutrient efficiency. The characteristics of nutrient absorption and optimized nutrient management for mid-season japonica rice with SHYC were discussed.
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