以中旱3号（常规旱稻）和汕优63（杂交水稻）为材料，研究5种不同灌水量处理对水稻和旱稻营养生长、光合特性以及产量的影响。结果表明，不同的灌水量处理明显影响水稻和旱稻的营养生长，光合特性以及产量。汕优63在处理A（灌溉水量为对照的25%）和处理B（灌溉水量为对照的43.75%）时，产量受到严重影响，分别比对照（处理E）减产80.58%和42.98%，差异极显著；在处理C（灌溉水量为对照的62.5%）和处理D（灌溉水量为对照的81.25%）时，与对照产量差异不显著。中旱3号在处理A时比对照减产68.42%，差异极显著；籽粒产量在处理B～E之间没有显著差异。这一特点在所有测定的其他营养生长和光合指标上也表现的非常明显。汕优63、中旱3号获得最高产量的灌溉需水量分别为每公顷7 500 m3和每公顷5 250 m3。超过此值，随着灌水量的增加，产量将有所下降。旱稻获得最高产量的灌溉水量比水稻约可节约30%，节水潜力巨大。在所有灌溉水量处理下，旱稻的产量比水稻的产量均低，有效穗数少是其主要原因。
The growth, photosynthetic characteristics and grain yield were studied using paddy rice “Shanyou 63” and upland rice “Zhonghan No 3” with five treatments: A (irrigated water was 25% of CK), B (irrigated water was 43.75% of CK), C (irrigated water was 62.5% of CK), D (irrigated water was 81.25% of CK) and E (irrigated watered 12 000 m3/hm2, CK). The results showed that irrigation treatments affected obviously the characters above in two kinds of rice. Compared with those under conventional irrigation, the loss of grain yield of Zhonghan No 3 was 68.42% and the difference was significant in treatment A, while not significant among other treatments. The losses of grain yield of Shanyou 63 in treatment A and B were 80.58% and 42.98%, respectively, while the difference of grain yield was not significant among treatment C, D and E. In our research, the optimal irrigated water was 7 500 m3 per hm2 and 5 250 m3 per hm2 to produce high yields for Shanyou 63 and Zhonghan 3, respectively. When irrigated water was beyond the values, grain yield of the two cultivars decreased. Upland rice save about 30% of irrigated water than paddy rice to produce high yield. In all of water treatments, the yields of upland rice were lower than that of paddy rice because of less effective panicles per plant in Zhonghan 3.
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