Abstract:The C-banding patterns in 8 populations of Paeonia delavayi var.lutea were investigated by using a modified BSG technique. Each population examined here showed there were C-bands at the centromeric regions of all ten chromosomes. However, C-bands were not observed on long arms of any chromoseme. There are differences in the C-band numbers and positions in the terminal regions on the short arms. In Ludian population ,C-band occupies one termical region on the short arms of the first and 4th paris of chromosomes respectively,which means the homologus chromosomes of the first and 4th pair of chromosomes are heterogeneous.Each population has the unique C-banding pattern except two populations of Xishan and Liangwangshan,which share the same C-bading pattern. Namely, there are 7 C-banding patterns in 8 populations examined here. The diversity of C-banding patterns indicated that the genetic diversity occurs in P.delavayi var.lutea.