全 文 :桃儿七属的命名学考订∗
郁文彬
(中国科学院昆明植物研究所东亚植物多样性和生物地理学重点实验室ꎬ 云南 昆明 650201)
摘要: 桃儿七属 (Sinopodophyllum) 是中国-喜马拉雅地区特有的单型属ꎬ 仅桃儿七 (S hexandrum) 一
种ꎮ 桃儿七的根茎和果实均具有较高的药用价值ꎬ 人类的过度采挖和种群恢复较慢使其种群数量急剧下
降ꎬ 现已被列入 «中国物种红色名录»ꎮ 在近年来的一些研究论文中ꎬ 学名 S hexandrum 和 S emodi 常被
混用ꎬ 这使得有必要考证桃儿七学名的命名学历史ꎬ 确认正确的学名使用ꎮ 查阅原始文献发现ꎬ
S hexandrum 的基名 Podophyllum hexandrum Royle 发表于 1834 年ꎬ 而 S emodi 的基名 Podophyllum emodi
Wall. ex Honigberger 到 1852 年才合格发表 (大多数学者认为是 Hooker 和 Thomson 在 1855 年合格发表)ꎬ
因此ꎬ 名称 S hexandrum比名称 S emodi具有优先权ꎮ 名称的混乱起于 1979年应俊生建立桃儿七属时ꎬ 他
提出组合 “S emodi (Wall.) Ying” 作为桃儿七的学名ꎮ 另外ꎬ 由于他未引证 Honigberger 或 Hooker 和
Thomson的文献信息ꎬ 所以组合 “S emodi” 没有被合格发表 (规则 41 5)ꎮ 随后ꎬ 1985 年出版的 «西藏
植物志» 桃儿七属中ꎬ 应俊生发现之前的错误并采用名称 “S hexandrum”取代了“S emodi”ꎮ 遗憾的是他
虽然意识到该名称是新组合ꎬ 但未引证基名 P hexandrum 合格发表的文献信息ꎬ 使得组合 “S hexandrum
(Rolye) Ying” 没有被合格发表ꎮ 近年来出版的 «云南植物志»、 «青海植物志»、 «中国植物» 和 «Flora
of China» 均未发现该错误ꎬ 一直认为 “S hexandrum (Rolye) Ying” 合格发表时间是 1985ꎮ 实际上ꎬ 在
1993年由于编写格式要求ꎬ 应俊生在王文采和武素功主编的 «横断山区维管束植物» 中引证了基名合格
发表的文献信息ꎮ 因此ꎬ 该名称的合格发表时间是 1993年ꎬ 而不是常认为的 1985年ꎮ
关键词: 小檗科ꎻ 命名学ꎻ 桃儿七属ꎻ 桃儿七
中图分类号: Q 949 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 2095-0845(2014)01-037-04
Nomenclatural Clarifications of Sinopodophyllum (Berberidaceae)
YU Wen ̄Bin
(Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asiaꎬ Kunming Institute of Botanyꎬ
Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Kunming 650201ꎬ China)
Abstract: The genus Sinopodophyllum was validly published in 1979 under Article 40 1 & 40 3ꎬ although the com ̄
bination “S emodi (Wall) Ying” was not validated contrary to Article 41 5. The only species S hexandrum (≡
P hexandrum) was validly published by T.S. Ying in 1993ꎬ not in 1985.
Key words: Berberidaceaeꎻ Nomenclatureꎻ Sinopodophyllumꎻ Sinopodophyllum hexandrum
The Himalayan Mayappleꎬ including fruitsꎬ rhi ̄
zomes and rootsꎬ is a well ̄known Chinese medicinal
herb used by local people in southwestern China
(Chinses Pharmacopoeia Commissionꎬ 2010ꎻ Kong et
al.ꎬ 2010ꎻ Sun et al.ꎬ 2011ꎻ Zhao et al.ꎬ 2011). Due
to anthropogenic overexploitation and a low rate of
natural regenerationꎬ the Himalayan Mayapple be ̄
come an endangered or threatened species in China
(Wang and Xieꎬ 2004). Its scientific name “Sinopo ̄
dophyllum hexandrum (Royle) T.S. Ying” is widely a ̄
植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报 2014ꎬ 36 (1): 37~40
Plant Diversity and Resources DOI: 10.7677 / ynzwyj201413023
∗ Funding: The Largescal Scientific Facilities of Chinese Academy of Sciences (2009 ̄LSFGBOWS ̄01)
Received date: 2013-02-28ꎬ Accepted date: 2013-03-12
作者简介: 郁文彬 (1982-) 男ꎬ 助理研究员ꎬ 研究方向: 植物系统与演化ꎮ E ̄mail: yuwenbin@ mail. kib. ac. cn
dopted in the Chinese Floras and checklists ( e. g.
Yingꎬ 1985ꎬ 1993ꎻ Baoꎬ 1997ꎻ Zhouꎬ 1997ꎻ Ying et
al.ꎬ 2011)ꎬ howeverꎬ another name “Sinopodophyllum
emodi (Wall.) Ying” sometimes appears in some pub ̄
lications by Chinese researchers (e. g. Zhang et al.ꎬ
2005ꎻ Zhou et al.ꎬ 2008ꎻ Sun et al.ꎬ 2011ꎻ Zhao et al.ꎬ
2011). This confused usage promotes us to examine the
nomenclatural history of the Himalayan Mayapple.
The Asian monotypic genus Sinopodophyllum T.
S. Ying including the Himalayan Mayapple alone
was separated from the North American genus Podo ̄
phyllum L. by Ying (1979) on the basis of compari ̄
sons of several morphological characters. Ying
(1979) designated “Sinopodophyllum emodi (Wall.)
Ying” [sic!] as the generic typeꎬ howeverꎬ his in ̄
tended combination was not validly published under
Article 41 5 of ICN (McNeill et al.ꎬ 2012)ꎬ be ̄
cause the basionym citation of “Podophyllum emodi
Wall. ex Royle in Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts. 64ꎬ 1834ꎻ
Wall. Cat. n. 814ꎬ 1829ꎬ nom. nud. .” [sic!] is
not the author and place of valid publication of
P emodi. Podophyllym emodi was a nude name in
the Catalogue of Wallich (1829)ꎬ as well as in the
Illustrations of Royle (1834). Subsequentlyꎬ it was
validly published by Honigberger (1852) with a line
drawing illustration under Article 38 8. Since the
validation of Honigberger ( 1852) has been over ̄
lookedꎬ the name P emodi was usually ascribed to
be unintentionally validated by Hooker and Thomson
(1855) with a descriptionꎬ neverthelessꎬ this sup ̄
posed validation has been recognized as illegitimate
superfluous nameꎬ because an old name P hexandrum
by Royle (1834: 64) was cited in synonymy (Arti ̄
cle 52 2). Noteworthilyꎬ the genus Sinopodophyllum
has been validly published by Ying (1979) in ac ̄
cordance with Article 40 1 & 40 3ꎬ because his
type citation of “P emodi Wall. ex Royle” can indi ̄
rectly indicate P emodi Wall. ex Honigberger as the
type of the genus Sinopodophyllum.
When describing P hexandrumꎬ Royle (1834)
provided a brief diagnosis ( i.e.ꎬ it differs in having
only four petalsꎬ and six stamensꎬ the leaves 3 ̄ or 5 ̄
lobedꎬ with the lobes narrow acute and serrulate to ̄
wards apex [ sic!] ) to discriminate from “Podo ̄
phyllium emodi Wall.” . Because “ Podophyllium
emodi Wall.” was not validly publishedꎬ the brief
diagnosis satisfied a descriptive statement to validate
of P hexandrum (Article 38 1). Since Hooker and
Thomson (1855) considered P emodi and P hex ̄
andruim as conspecificꎬ no author has separated
them at the specific level (e.g.ꎬ Chatterjeeꎬ 1953ꎻ
Selivanova ̄Gorodkovaꎬ 1969ꎻ Browiczꎬ 1973ꎻ Soej ̄
arto et al.ꎬ 1979ꎻ Yingꎬ 1979ꎻ Shawꎬ 2009ꎻ Ying
et al.ꎬ 2011)ꎬ so the old name P hexandrum (≡
S hexandrum) is the correct species name for the
Himalayan Mayapple. During preparation of Flora of
Xizangꎬ Ying (1985) attempted to propose the com ̄
bination “ Sinopodophyllum hexandrum ( Royle )
Ying” to replace “S emodi (Wall.) Ying”ꎬ howev ̄
erꎬ the combination was not validly published be ̄
cause he just provided the basionym Podophyllum
hexandrum Royle but without reference to its place
of valid publication contrary to Article 41 5. To
dateꎬ almost all of published Chinese Floras (e.g.ꎬ
Baoꎬ 1997ꎻ Zhouꎬ 1997ꎻ Yingꎬ 2001ꎻ Ying et al.ꎬ
2011) adopted S hexandrum was validated by Ying
in 1985 (in C.Y. Wuꎬ Fl. Xizang 2: 119. 1985)ꎬ
which is incorrect. Actuallyꎬ Ying (in Wang T. ̄S. &
Wu S. ̄G.ꎬ Vasc. Pl. Hengduan Mount. 1: 558.
1993) subsequently validate the combination “ Si ̄
nopodophyllum hexandrum (Royle) Ying” through
referring to the place of valid publication of the ba ̄
sionym Podophyllum hexandrum Royleꎬ so the publi ̄
cation date of S hexandrum ( Royle ) T. S. Ying
should be cited as in 1993 (Yingꎬ 1993)ꎬ not in
1985 (Yingꎬ 1985). To the formal usage of these
namesꎬ thereforeꎬ the correct nomenclatural citations
are provided below.
Nomenclatural treatments
Sinopodophyllum T.S. Ying in Acta Phytotax. Sin.
17 (1): 15. 1979. Type: Podophyllum emodi Wallich ex
Honigsberger ( =S hexandrum (Royle) T.S. Ying)
Sinopodophyllum hexandrum ( Royle) T. S.
83 植 物 分 类 与 资 源 学 报 第 36卷
Ying in Wang T. ̄S. & Wu S. ̄G.ꎬ Vasc. Pl. Hengd ̄
uan Mount. 1: 558. 1993≡Podophyllum hexandrum
Royle in Illustr. Bot. Himal. 1: 64. 1834≡Podo ̄
phyllum emodi Wall. ex Hook. f. & Thomson var.
hexandrum (Royle) Chatterjee & Mukerjee in Rec.
Bot. Surv. India 16 (2): 45. 1953. Lectotype (des ̄
ignated by Soejarto et al.ꎬ 1981: 655): INDIA. Ke ̄
darkanta: May 1828ꎬ Royle s.n. ( lectotypeꎬ LIV!ꎬ
specimen on the right hand side of sheet no. 13 / 1ꎻ
isolectotypesꎬ LIV!ꎬ specimen on the left hand side
of sheet no 13 / 1ꎬ Kꎬ 000644984!).
=Podophyllum emodi Wallich ex Honigsberger
in Thirty ̄five years in the East 2: 329ꎬ pl. 20. 1852
≡Podophyllum hexandrum var. emodi (Honigsberg ̄
er) Seliv.  ̄Gor. in Bot. Zhurn. 54: 1605. 1969.
Lectotype ( designated by Soejarto et al.ꎬ 1981:
655): CHINA. Xizang: “Gossain Than”ꎬ Wallich
814 (lectotypeꎬ Kꎬ not seen).
=Podophyllum emodi var. chinense Sprague in
Bot. Mag. 146: t. 8850. 1920≡Podophyllum hexan ̄
drum var. chinense ( Sprague) Stearn ex Cubey in
Hanburyana 3: 81. 2008. Lectotype ( designated
here): An illustration in Bot. Mag. 146: pl. 8850ꎬ
1920 (lectotypeꎬ K!).
= Podophyllum emodi var. axillare R. Chatter ̄
jee & Mukerjee in Rec. Bot. Surv. India 16 (2):
46. 1953≡P hexandrum var. axillare (R. Chatter ̄
jee & Mukerjee) Browicz in Flora Iranica 101: 2.
1973. Type: INDIA. West Bengal: “Teesta Vally a ̄
bove Tangu ”ꎬ Younghusband 6 7 03 ( holotypeꎬ
CALꎬ not seen).
= P emodi var. bhootanense R. Chatterjee &
Mukerjee in Rec. Bot. Surv. India 16 (2): 46. 1953
≡P hexandrum var. bhootanense (R. Chatterjee &
Mukerjee) Browicz in Flora Iranica 101: 2. 1973.
Type: BHUTAN. “Taloong”ꎬ Dungboo 2 ̄8 ̄84 (hol ̄
otypeꎬ CALꎬ not seen).
=P emodi var. jaeschkei R. Chatterjee & Muk ̄
erjee in Rec. Bot. Surv. India 16 (2): 47. 1953≡
P hexandrum var. jaeschkei (R. Chatterjee & Muke ̄
rjee) Browicz in Flora Iranica 101: 2. 1973 ).
Type: INDIA. Himachal Pradesh: Lahaulꎬ Jaeschke
s.n. (holotypeꎬ CALꎬ not seen).
Acknowledgements: We are grateful to Prof. John McNeill
for his valuable discussion and suggestions on nomenclatureꎻ
and to a anonymous reviewer for the valuable comments.
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