期 刊 ：植物遗传资源学报 2015年 16卷 6期
Keywords:Foxtail millet, Lodging index, Plant height, Panicle traits,
摘 要 ：倒伏是限制作物产量提高的重要因素，而株高、穗长、穗粗、穗粒重等性状与产量密切相关，因此弄清抗倒伏性与这些性状的关系，对开展抗倒伏高产育种具有重要意义。本研究系统调查了41份谷子材料倒伏指数、株高、穗长、穗粗、穗码数、码粒数、穗粒重7个性状，结果表明：所有调查的7个性状指标在41份谷子材料中存在显著差异，除穗粗变异幅度较小，其余6个性状指标均存在丰富的遗传变异。相关性分析表明谷子基部第一、第二、第三节倒伏指数均与株高呈一定负相关，但未达到显著水平，与穗长、穗码数、码粒数、穗粒重均呈一定正相关，但只有第二节倒伏指数与穗长间的相关达到了显著水平（P<0.05）。倒伏指数与穗粗的相关性较复杂，第一、第三节倒伏指数与穗粗呈负相关，而第二节倒伏指数与穗粗呈正相关，但都未达到显著水平。株高与穗长、穗粗、穗码数、穗粒重4个产量关键性状间呈显著（P<0.05）或极显著（P<0.01）正相关；穗长、穗粗、穗码数、码粒数、穗粒重5个性状间呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）。研究结果认为在80 cm范围内，增加株高不会减弱谷子的抗倒伏性，谷子倒第二节抗倒伏性对整株植株抗倒伏性起到关键作用，应在抗倒伏高产育种中加以重视。
Abstract:Lodging is an important factor limiting yield increaseing in crops, while plant height, panicle length, panicle diameter, grain weight per panicle are closely related to yield. So clear deciphering the relationship between lodging resistance and these yield-related traits is important for launching lodging resistance, high-yield breeding in foxtail millet. In this study, 41 foxtail millet cultivars were selected to investigate seven traits including lodging index, plant height, panicle length, panicle diameter, branch number per panicle, grain number per branch and grain weight per panicle. The results indicated that all the 7 traits showed significant difference among 41 foxtail millet cultivars, and except panicle diameter, the remaining 6 traits showed rich genetic variation. Correlation analysis showed that some negative correlation was existed between lodging index and plant height, but not reach a significant level. Some positive correlation was existed between lodging index and panicle length, branch number per panicle, grain number per branch, grain weight per panicle, but only positive correlation between lodging index of second basal internode and panicle length reached significant level（P<0.05）. Correlation between lodging index and panicle diameter was complicated. Some negative correlation was existed between lodging index of the first, third basal internodes and panicle diameter, but a positive correlation was existed between lodging index of the second basal internode and panicle diameter. Though they both didn’t reach significant level. A significant (p<0.05) or very significant (P<0.01) positive correlation between plant height and panicle length, panicle diameter, branch number per panicle, grain weight per panicle was existed.A very significant positive correlation among panicle length, panicle diameter, branch number per panicle, grain number per branch and grain weight per panicle was existed (P<0.01). The results above indicated that within a height,of 80 cm, increasing plant height wouldn’t weaken the lodging resistance of foxtail millet. Lodging resistance of the second basal internode played a key role in lodging resistance of the plant, which should be attached great importance in lodging resistance, high-yield breeding of foxtail millet.