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期 刊 ：植物遗传资源学报 2015年 16卷 3期

关键词：水稻；地方品种；选育品种；遗传多样性；SSR标记；

Keywords:rice, landrace, improved variety, genetic diversity, simple sequence repeat,

摘 要 ：摘要：本研究利用98对SSR标记对202份中国栽培稻地方种和选育种的遗传多样性进行比较分析。结果显示供试品种具有较丰富的遗传多样性，共检测到等位基因1350个，每个位点的等位基因数（Na）变化范围为3-39，平均14个；Nei基因多样性指数变化范围（He）为0.125-0.955，平均0.733；多态信息量（PIC）变化范围为0.122-0.953，平均0.680；稀有等位基因数（Nr）913个；等位基因丰度（Rs）8.33。栽培稻地方种和选育种遗传多样性差异明显，地方种等位基因数、Nei基因多样性指数、多态信息量、稀有等位基因数和等位基因丰度（Na=1219，He=0.747，PIC=0.710，Nr=756，Rs=8.50）均高于选育种（Na=919，He=0.704，PIC=0.650，Nr=529，Rs=7.01）。各染色体组水平的遗传多样性分析表明，选育种仅在1号染色体上的遗传多样性高于地方种，进一步分析显示选育种的遗传改良在基因组水平上具有区间特异性。

Abstract:Abstract: Ninety-eight SSR markers were used to compare the genetic diversity in 202 Chinese cultivated rice varieties. The result showed a high level genetic diversity in Chinese cultivated rice. All the 98 loci revealed a total of 1350 alleles. The number of allele per locus (Na) ranged from 3 to 39, with an average of 14. The Nei’s genetic diversity index of per locus (He) was 0.733 with a range from 0.125 to 0.955. The polymorphism information content (PIC) varied from 0.122 to 0.953, with a mean of 0.680. Number of rare alleles (the allele frequency < 5%) (Nr) was 913 and genetic richness (Rs) was 8.33. There exited a significant difference in genetic diversity between landrace and modern rice varieties. Landrace (Na=1219, He=0.747, PIC=0.710, Nr=756, Rs=8.50) had more variation than modern rice (Na=919, He=0.704, PIC=0.650, Nr=529, Rs=7.01). Diversity analysis in chromosomes demonstrated that the Chromosome 1 of modern rice had higher genetic diversity than that of landrace. Further analysis showed interval specificity of genetic improvement in the level of whole genome for modern rice.

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