Abstract:In this study, morphological characters and AFLP markers were used to reveal the genetic diversity of 57 accessions in mango germplasms from Nujiang Dry-hot Valley.Morphological characters displayed significant difference in these mango gerplasms,with a coefficient of variation ranging from 16.98%-61.50% and the average Shannon index was 3.975,in which the weight of simple fruit was the highest CV vaule. AFLP analysis showed that 8 primer combinations generated 1098 bands，with 1032 of which were polymorphic，and the overall polymorphic loci percentage was 94.0%.The genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.55 to 0.82. The UPGMA phenogram and principal component analysis In this study morphological characters and AFLP markers were used to reveal the genetic diversity of 57 accessions in mango germplasms from Nujiang Dry-hot Valley.Morphological characters displayed significant difference in these mango gerplasms,with a coefficient of variation ranging from 16.98%-61.50% and the average Shannon index was 3.975,in which the weight of simple fruit was the highest CV vaule. AFLP analysis showed that 8 primer combinations generated 1098 bands，with 1032 of which were polymorphic，and the overall polymorphic loci percentage was 94.0%.The genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.55 to 0.82. The UPGMA phenogram and principal component analysis showed complicated genetic relationship among varieties.Based on these results, there was no direct connection between the genetic relationship and geographic distribution for mango germplasm in Nujiang Dry-hot Valley. The result of the clustering analysis with AFLP molecular marker was similar to morphological data on accurately clustering dominant groups, which suggested a higher genetic diversity these mango germplasms .