期 刊 ：植物遗传资源学报 2016年 17卷 1期
Keywords:Ningxia, weedy rice, SSR marker, genetic diversity, genetic relationship,
摘 要 ：以宁夏杂草稻、选育品种、地方品种共143份水稻种质为试验材料，进行主要农艺性状的的表型鉴定评价，并利用24对SSR引物进行不同类型水稻种质的遗传多样性比较、遗传相似性和聚类分析。表型评价表明，宁夏杂草稻表现为矮秆和早熟，表型变异范围较大；多数杂草稻种皮呈红色，颖壳呈秆黄色，均落粒。SSR标记分析结果，共检测到141个等位基因，每个位点等位基因数目变异在3～11个，平均为5.8333个；Nei’s基因多样性指数变幅为0.2241～0.8065，平均为0.5219。杂草稻种质的等位基因数、有效等位基因数、Shannon指数均高于选育品种和地方品种。在不同来源杂草稻群体中，来自吴忠和永宁东河的杂草稻Nei’s基因多样性指数最高，分别为0.4912和0.4814，而来自青铜峡的杂草稻Nei’s基因多样性指数最低，为0.2802。相似性分析表明，杂草稻与地方品种高度相似，相似系数高达0.9585，而杂草稻与选育品种的相似性较低，其相似系数为0.4584；选育品种与地方品种的相似系数只有0.3560。聚类分析表明，参试材料分为三个类群，其中选育品种单独聚类于第Ⅰ类群，其遗传背景明显区别于杂草稻和地方品种；第Ⅱ类包括大部分杂草稻和地方品种，不同来源杂草稻及地方品种间分布比较均匀；第Ⅲ类是由小部分杂草稻和地方品种组成。宁夏杂草稻的分布没有明显的区域性，宁夏杂草稻与地方品种高度融合且遗传相似性很高。
Abstract:The main agronomic traits of 143 accession of rice germplasm including the weedy rices,improved cultivars and rice landraces,which were from Ningxia province,were evaluated in Ningxia,and the genetic diversity,genetic similarity and cluster analysis of different rice germplasm were conducted using a total of 24 SSR markers distributed on 12 chromosomes.The results of phenotypic analysis showed that,Ningxia weedy rice was dwarf and early maturity,phenotypic variation range was large;pericarp was mostly red colored,glume color was straw yellow,all plants were prone to seed shattering.The results of SSR analysis showed that totally 141 alleles were detected,and the number of alleles per pair of primers ranged from 3 to 11 with a mean value of 5.8333.Nei‘s genetic diversity index (He) ranged from 0.2241 to 0.8065 with the average of 0.5219.The number of alleles (Na),the effective number of alleles (Ne) and the Shannon polymorphism index (I) in weedy rice were higher than that in improved cultivars and landraces.In the different sources of weedy rice,Nei‘s gene diversity index (He) of weedy rice from Wuzhong and Yongningdonghe were the highest with the value of 0.4912 and 0.4814,while that of weedy rice from Qingtongxia was minimum with the value of 0.2802.Similarity analysis showed that weedy rice is high similar with local varieties,the similarity coefficient was as high as 0.9585,while the similarity of improved varieties and weedy rice was the lower,the similarity coefficient was 0.4584;the similarity coefficient of landrace and improved cultivars was only 0.3560.The cluster analysis showed that the tested materials were cluster into three categories.Improved cultivars were fallen into category Ⅰ,its genetic background was significantly different from that of weedy rice and landraces;and most weedy rice and landraces were fallen into category Ⅱ, different sources of weedy rice and landraces were more evenly distributed,category Ⅲ was composed of a small part of weedy rice and landraces.Distribution of weedy rice in Ningxia was no obviously regional,and weedy rice and landraces are integrated highly and high genetic similarity.