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期 刊 ：植物遗传资源学报 2015年 16卷 3期

关键词：龙眼果实；多元统计分析；品质评价；品质分类；

Keywords:Longan fruit, multivariate statistical analysis, quality evaluation, quality classification,

摘 要 ：为了解龙眼果实成熟品质的构成因素及其相互关系，构建科学的品质评价体系，本研究以30个品种为试材，观察、测定了43个内外品质指标，综合运用多种统计方法，对果实不同类型的品质进行了评价和预测模型的构建，对综合品质的类型提出了可用的判别公式。结果如下：（1）得到了构成龙眼果实表观性状、经济性状、内在品质和综合品质的公因子成分，以及组成公因子的解释指标。（2）得到了四种类型品质的评分预测模型及各自相应的有效评估指标库；根据模型计算出的品质预测值与实际综合评分均极显著相关，具有较好的预测意义。（3）依据综合品质评分将30个品种分成3类：低糖大果型、高糖中果型、高糖小果型，依据自然属性和应用价值两类有效评价指标，对分类结果分别进行了自身验证和交叉验证判别分析，结果表明都具有较高的判别正确率, 价值评估方法基本能够满足自然分类和应用分类的共同需要。总之，龙眼果实综合品质评价指标包括葡萄糖、流汁、可食率、单果重、TSS、肉厚率、质地，但结合现有品种的特点，还很难达到7个指标全优的目标。

Abstract:This research was conducted to establish an evaluation system for the maturation quality of longan fruit based on the quality components and their relationships between each other. 30 varieties of longan and 43 indices for internal and external quality were chosen to be determined, and by applying multivariate statistical analysis, the evaluating results and predictive formulas for different types of fruit quality, as well as the discriminant formulas for the fruit comprehensive quality, were all studied. The results showed that the common factors were simplified as expected with their interpretive indices screened for 4 types of quality including the apparent traits, economic traits, arial quality and comprehensive quality of the ripened longan fruit. The 4 models used for predicting the scores of 4 types of quality and their corresponding database for the effective evaluation indices were all established, from which the predicted scores and the corresponding comprehensive scores from the factor analysis were all significantly relative with each other. Lastly, according to the scores for the comprehensive quality, the 30 varieties of longan were classified into 3 types, namely, low-sugar and large-size, high-sugar and medium-size, and high-sugar and small-size. Taking the two types of effective evaluation indices for the natural attribute and application value respectively as the variables, 3 types of varieties were all self-validated and cross-validated by discriminant analysis with high accuracy, which shows that the value assessment system for the practical application of longan fruit can basically meet the common needs of natural and applicative classifications. In conclusion, the evaluating indices for the comprehensive quality of longan fruit consist of glucose content, watery surface of arial, edible rate, average fruit mass, TSS and arial thickness rate, but, with the view of the characteristics of the existing varieties, the 7 indices cannot all reach the optimum level in a same variety, at least so far.

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