Abstract:A comprehensive survey on wheat varieties was conducted in the coastal area of 12 counties, Jiangsu province. The data of wheat sowing area, production, yield, cultivars as well as their importment agronomic traits from 1975 to 2010 were collected to summarize the changes and developmental tendency. The main results are as followings: The wheat sowing area showed a downward tendency, while the total wheat production and yield are increasing continuously. Of all the factors increasing grain production, the yield contributed more to grain production than sowing area. Extension of elite wheat cultivars is the determinant factor in production increase. However, the contribution is decreasing with time because of the difficult in further yield improvement. As variety is the main factor in production increase, we also analyzed the changes of the agronomic traits, the evolution trends are (1) There were four times of variety replacement for wheat in coastal area. The improved varieties which have replaced local varieties were the dominant type, and accounts for an increasing proportion with time. Mean while varieties from Shandong province and Henan province also had a greater affect in the northern coastal area. (2) The adapted wheat varieties with excellent integrated traits and wide adaptability have been planted for a long time and covered a wide area. (3) Grain numbers per spike, 1000-grain weight, spike length, and plant height have been improved for yield. Breeding for multiple disease resistance would be one of important objectives in the future.