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期 刊 ：植物遗传资源学报 2015年 16卷 4期

关键词：硬叶兜兰；表型变异；变异系数；性状关联性；亲缘关系；

Keywords:Paphiopedilum micranthum, phenotypic variation, variation coefficient, character correlations, blood relationship,

摘 要 ：为了揭示硬叶兜兰表型变异的规律，以滇东南核心分布地区7个硬叶兜兰居群113个体的18个表型数量性状进行研究，通过变异系数、巢式方差分析、相关性和聚类分析，结果显示：除了叶长、叶宽、花梗粗、苞片长和苞片宽5个数量性状不存在显著差异，其余数量性状在居群水平上都存在差异显著。各性状变异系数在0.088-0.189，花梗长、叶长、叶长宽比、附毛长的变异系数较大，而中萼高度、花囊高和宽度、花梗粗、合萼高度和花瓣宽和长相对变异不大；18个性状表型分化系数（Vst）在2.05%-50.62%，平均值达到22.02%，暗示有77.98%表型变异存在于居群内。除雄蕊长和宽表现居群内和居群间的变异相当外，果蒴长、花瓣长和宽、中萼高和宽、合萼高和宽的分化系数为36.03%、23.74%、24.55%、28.13%、18.00%、20.56%和18.12%，叶长最小，2.05%，居群间的变异明显小于居群内。性状关联性研究表明：花瓣、合萼、中萼高、花梗长和叶长宽比高度相关，而叶宽、苞片长、雄蕊性状和中萼高与其余性状关联性不密切，这些性状相对独立，稳定性较高；基于数量指标的欧氏距离聚类表明：7个居群的亲缘关系处理为两大类：杨柳井居群和马固居群为近缘支；其余5个居群（斗咀、小坝子、夹寒箐、古林箐和田坝）为一类。

Abstract:A research on phenotypic characters of 113 individuals from seven populations of P. micranthum was investigated to reveal its variation by the methods of coefficients of variation, the nested analysis，principal component analysis，correlation and cluster analysis. The results indicated that Coefficients of variation of all characters were from 0.088-0.189; Moreover, there were the large values of variation coefficient in pedicel length, leaf length, ratio of leaf length and leaf width, length of epidermal fibers. 18 quantitative characters involved in leaf and flower traits revealed that there were only 5 characters, for instance, leaf length and its width, bract length and its width, pedicel width, which they had no significant difference at population level. Phenotypic differentiation coefficient of 18 characters varied from 2.05%-50.62%. All characters attained to a mean value of 22.02% and that suggested that 77.98% of variability came within population level. Pearson coefficient revealed that there were higher correlations not only in sepal, synsepal, dorsal width, pedicel length and ratio of leaf length and width, but also in pouch and fuit length. Nevertheless, leaf width, bract length, staminode size and synsepal height had low relevance to other characters. Seven populations were divided into two groups based on Eulidean distance cluster dendrogram. Population Yangliujin and Magu had closer relationship. Other five populations belonged to one group, among which population Douzui, Jiahanqing and Tianba were close.

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