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期 刊 ：植物遗传资源学报 2014年 15卷 2期

关键词：遗传多样性；SSR分子标记；聚类分析；抗病鉴定；

Keywords:Einkorn wheat, SSR markers, Cluster analysis, Disease test,

摘 要 ：一粒小麦作为最早被驯化的作物之一，是普通小麦种质改良的重要资源。为了从一粒小麦中发掘有用基因，选取了100对位于普通小麦A染色体组上的SSR标记，对34份一粒小麦材料进行了遗传多样性分析，并对其进行了白粉病及叶锈病的抗病性鉴定。结果表明，有69对标记在34份一粒小麦上检测出多态性，这些多态性位点包括670个等位变异，每个位点上有3-19 个变异，平均每个位点上的变异为10个，位点多态性信息量（PIC）变幅为0.167-0.887，平均为0.691。通过聚类分析，将这些材料分为3个类群。通过对这些材料进行抗病性，共鉴定出15份抗小麦白粉病材料，21份抗小麦叶锈病材料，12份材料同时具有白粉病及叶锈病抗性。这些研究结果表明：一粒小麦材料中蕴含了丰富的遗传变异，抗病材料丰富，可以作为普通栽培小麦遗传改良的重要基因资源。

Abstract:In order to exploit the beneficial genetic resources in einkorn wheat, one hundred SSR (single sequence repeat) markers that locate on the A genome of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, 2n=6x=42, AABBDD) were used to characterize genetic diversity of 34 einkorn accessions. The results revealed that 69 pairs of primers yielded polymorphism among the 34 accessions, and 670 alleles were identified, with a range of 3-19 alleles per locus. In addition, there was an average of 10 alleles per locus. Loci polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.167 to 0.887, and the average PIC was 0.691. By using cluster analysis method, the 34 einkorn accessions could be classified into 3 groups. In addition, the disease resistances of these 34 einkorn wheat accessions were evaluated at seedling stage in greenhouse. 15 accessions were resistant to powdery mildew, 21 accessions resistant to leaf rust, 12 accessions resistant to both diseases. The results indicated that einkorn wheat contains abundant genetic variation and might be useful as an important genetic resource for common wheat improvement.

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