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期 刊 ：植物遗传资源学报 2014年 15卷 6期

关键词：贵州；野生茶树种质资源；生化成分多样性；特异资源；优良种质资源；

Keywords:Guizhou, wild tea germplasms, biochemical composition and diversity, rare germplasm, elite germplasm,

摘 要 ：为了发掘新的种质资源，对贵州省25个县（市）境内53份树龄约100年以上的野生茶树资源的主要生化成分进行了测定评价和遗传多样性分析。结果表明53份野生茶树资源的生化成分变异幅度大，存在丰富的多样性。53份资源的氨基酸、茶多酚、咖啡碱含量及酚氨比平均变异系数为27.55%，遗传多样性指数（H′）变幅为1.88～2.08、均值为2.00。53份资源中的23份资源儿茶素组分的平均变异系数和平均H′分别为37.10%、1.82。有13份资源的酚氨比小于8，28份资源的酚氨比在8～15之间，12份资源的酚氨比大于15。聚类分析发现，当欧氏距离值约为15时，53份资源聚可分为3大类复合组，无独立组存在。并从中初步筛选出高茶多酚资源5份、潜在优良种质资源1份及其它特殊资源20份。

Abstract:To explore new tea germplasm for tea quality improvement, the biochemical composition and diversity were analyzed among 53 over 100-year-old wild tea plants located in 25 counties/cities of Guizhou province. High levels of biochemical diversity and variation were found. The average coefficient of variation (CV) of amino acids content, polyphenols content, caffeine content and ratio of polyphenols to amino acids (TP/AA) was 27.55% among 53 germplasms. Genetic diversity index (H‘) of these four indicators ranged from 1.88 to 2.08, and the mean H‘ was 2.00. The average CV and H‘ of catechins constituent in 28 wild tea germplasms was 37.10% and 1.82, respevtively. TP/AA in 13 germplasms, 28 germplasms and 12 germplasms was less than eight, 8～15, greater than 15, respevtively. By means of cluster analysis, when the Euclidean distance was about 15, 53 resources were clustered into three groups, without independent group. Five high polyphenols germplasms, one potential elite germplasm and 20 special germplasms were preliminarily selected from 53 wild tea plants.

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