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Two new species of Elatostema (Urticaceae)from southeastern Yunnan

云南东南部楼梯草属二新种



全 文 :  Guihaia  Jun. 2016ꎬ 36 (增刊 1): 135-138
http: / / journal.gxzw.gxib.cn
http: / / www.guihaia-journal.com
【原文刊载】 “云南东南部楼梯草属二新种”已发表于«广西植物»ꎬ 2011ꎬ 31(2): 143-147.
云南东南部楼梯草属二新种
王文采
( 中国科学院植物研究所 系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室ꎬ 北京 100093 )
摘  要: 描述了从云南东南部发现的荨麻科楼梯草属二新种ꎬ其中黄连山楼梯草隶属于骤尖楼梯草组骤尖楼
梯草系ꎬ腺点楼梯草隶属于骤尖楼梯草组盘托楼梯草系ꎮ
关键词: 荨麻科ꎬ 楼梯草属ꎬ 新种ꎬ 云南ꎬ 中国
中图分类号: Q949    文献标识码: A    文章编号: 1000 ̄3142(2016)增刊 1 ̄0135 ̄04
Two new species of Elatostema (Urticaceae)
from southeastern Yunnan
WANG Wen ̄Tsai
( State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botanyꎬ Institute of Botanyꎬ
Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Beijing 100093ꎬ China )
Abstract: Two species of the genus Elatostema (Utricaceae)ꎬE. huanglianshanicum belonging to sect. Elatostema
ser. Cuspidata and E. adenophorum belonging to sect. Elatostema ser. Dissectaꎬare described as new from southeastern
Yunnan.
Key words: Urticaceaeꎬ Elatostemaꎬ new speciesꎬ Yunnanꎬ China
    近年来ꎬ同事兰科专家金效华博士对云南植物
区系进行了广泛、深入的考察ꎬ采集到大量植物标
本ꎮ 2010年初ꎬ我从他于 2008 年在贡山采集的标
本中 发 现 了 新 种 厚 苞 楼 梯 草 ( Elatostema
apicicrassum W. T. Wang)(王文采ꎬ2010)ꎮ 最近ꎬ从
他于 2009 年在云南东南部采集的标本中发现了楼
梯草属又二新种ꎮ 现在本文中发表ꎮ
    楼梯草属 Elatostema Forst.
黄连山楼梯草  图 1: H ̄J
Elatostema huanglianshanicum W. T. Wangꎬ
sp. nov. ( sect. Elatostema ser. Cuspidata W. T.
Wang) Fig. 1: H ̄J.
Species nova haec est affinis E. balansae Gagnep.ꎬ
quod caulibus glabris vel apice sparse puberulisꎬfoliis
subtus glabris vel sparse puberulis plerumque semitrip ̄
linervibusꎬ bracteis involucralibus pistillatis depresse
ovatis inconspicuis omnibus apice corniculatis differt.
Herba perennis. Caules 30-50 cm altiꎬsupra me ̄
dium dense antrorseque strigosiꎬinferne longitudinaliter
vadoseque 4 ̄sulcatiꎬ cystolithis minutis densis notatiꎬ
simplicesꎬ7-11 ̄foliati. Folia breviter petiolata vel ses ̄
siliaꎻlaminae papyraceaeꎬoblique ellipticae vel oblique
angusteque obovataeꎬ ( 1. 4 -) 4. 6 - 10. 8 cm longaeꎬ
(0.6) 2. 6 - 4 cm lataeꎬapice acuminataeꎬacuminibus
收稿日期: 2010 ̄12 ̄26    修回日期: 2011 ̄01 ̄28
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(30870146) [Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30870146)]ꎮ
作者简介: 王文采(1926 ̄)ꎬ男ꎬ研究员ꎬ中国科学院院士ꎬ著名植物分类学家ꎬ长期从事有花植物分类学研究ꎮ
图 1  A ̄G. 腺点楼梯草  A. 雄茎上部ꎻ B. 雄头状花序下面观ꎻ C. 雄小苞片ꎻ D. 雄花蕾ꎻ E. 雌头状花序ꎻ F. 雌小苞片ꎻ G. 瘦果和退化雄
蕊ꎮ H ̄J. 黄连山楼梯草  H. 雌株上部ꎻ I. 雌头状花序ꎬ下面观ꎻ J. 雌小苞片和瘦果ꎮ (孙英宝 绘图)
Fig. 1  A ̄G. Elatoatema adenophorum  A. Upper part of flowering staminate stemꎻ B. Staminate capitulumꎬseen from beneathꎻ C. Staminate
bracteolesꎻ D. Staminate flower bud (from holotype)ꎻ E. Pistillate capitulumꎬseen from beneathꎻ F. Pistillate bracteoleꎻ G. Achene and staminodes
(from Jin Xiao ̄Hua et al. 705). H ̄J. Elatostema huanglianshanicum  H. Upper part of flowering pistillate stemꎻ I. Pistillate capitulumꎬseen
from beneathꎻ J. Pistillate bracteoles and achene (from holotype). ( Drawn by SUN Ying ̄Bao )
631 广  西  植  物                                      36卷
margine utrinque minute 2-4 ̄denticulatisꎬbasi oblique
cuneatae vel latere latiore subauriculataeꎬmargine den ̄
ticulataeꎬsupra sparsissime strigosae vel glabraeꎬsubtus
ad nervos basales et laterales dense strigosaeꎬtrinervesꎬ
nervis lateralibus 3-4 ̄jugis supra planis subtus prom ̄
inulisꎬcystolithis densis conspicuis bacilliformibus 0.2-
0.5 mm longisꎻpetioli usque ad 2 mm longiꎻstipulae
anguste lanceolatae vel linearesꎬ5-6 mm longaeꎬgla ̄
braeꎬvirides. Capitula staminata ignota. Capitula pistil ̄
lata singulariter axillariaꎻpedunculus ca. 1 mm longusꎬ
puberulusꎻ receptaculum rectangulareꎬ ca. 8 mm
longumꎬ5.5 mm latumꎬmedio constrictumꎬdepresse pu ̄
berulumꎻbracteae involucrales ca. 12ꎬ deltoideae vel
triangularesꎬca. 1 mm longaeꎬ0.8-1.8 mm lataeꎬcilia ̄
taeꎬplerumque haud corniculataeꎬ1 - 2 majores apice
corniculataeꎬcornibus 0. 6 mm longisꎻ bracteolae nu ̄
merosaeꎬ denseꎬ membranaceaeꎬ semihyalinaeꎬ oblan ̄
coelatae vel anguste linearesꎬ 1 - 1. 5 mm longaeꎬ
superne ciliatae. Achenia brunneolaꎬ ovoideaꎬ ca. 0. 5
mm longaꎬ longitudinaliter 6 ̄costataꎻstaminodia 3ꎬob ̄
trapezoideo ̄quadrataꎬca. 0.1 mm longaꎬglabra.
    多年生草本ꎮ 茎高 30~50 cmꎬ中部以上密被向
前展的糙伏毛ꎬ下部具 4条浅纵沟和密集小钟乳体ꎬ
不分枝ꎬ具 7 ~ 11 叶ꎮ 叶具短柄或无柄ꎻ叶片纸质ꎬ
斜椭圆形或斜狭倒卵形ꎬ长(1.4 ~ )4.6 ~ 10.8 cmꎬ宽
(0.6~ ) 2.6 ~ 4 cmꎬ顶端渐尖(尖头每侧有 2 ~ 4 小
齿)ꎬ基部斜楔形或在宽侧近耳形ꎬ边缘有小牙齿ꎬ
上面被极疏糙伏毛或无毛ꎬ下面基出脉和侧脉上密
被糙伏毛ꎬ具三出脉ꎬ侧脉 3 ~ 4 对ꎬ上面平ꎬ下面微
隆起ꎬ钟乳体密ꎬ明显ꎬ杆状ꎬ长 0.2~ 0.5 mmꎻ叶柄长
达 2 mmꎻ托叶狭倒披针形或条形ꎬ长 5 ~ 6 mmꎬ无
毛ꎬ绿色ꎮ 雌头状花序单独腋生ꎻ花序梗长约 1 mmꎬ
有短柔毛ꎻ花序托长方形ꎬ长约 8 mmꎬ宽 5.5 mmꎬ在
中部缢缩ꎬ被贴伏短柔毛ꎻ总苞片约 12ꎬ正三角形或
三角形ꎬ长约 1 mmꎬ宽 0.8~1.8 mmꎬ被缘毛ꎬ多无角
状突起ꎬ1~2 枚较大者顶端有角状突起(突起长 0.6
mm)ꎻ小苞片多数ꎬ密ꎬ膜质ꎬ半透明ꎬ倒披针形或狭
条形ꎬ长 1~1.5 mmꎬ上部被缘毛ꎮ 瘦果淡褐色ꎬ卵球
形ꎬ长约 0.5 mmꎬ有 6条纵肋ꎻ退化雄蕊 3ꎬ倒梯状方
形ꎬ长约 0.1 mmꎬ无毛ꎮ
云南 ( Yunnan ): 绿春 ( Luchun )ꎬ 黄连山
(Huanglian Shan)ꎬ骑马坝(Qimaba)ꎬ马玉桥(Mayu ̄
qiao)ꎬalt. 1 500 mꎬ2009 ̄06 ̄25ꎬ金效华ꎬ刘冰ꎬ刘博ꎬ权
旭ꎬ苏俊霞ꎬ钟轶(Jin Xiao ̄huaꎬLiu BingꎬLiu BoꎬQuan
XuꎬSu Jun ̄xiaꎬZhong Yi) 168 (holotypeꎬ PE)ꎬ 169
(PE)ꎮ
本种在亲缘关系方面接近华南楼梯草(E. bal ̄
ansae Gagnep.)ꎬ但本种的茎中部以上和叶下面基出
脉和侧脉都密被糙伏毛ꎬ叶具三出脉ꎬ雌头状花序总
苞片明显ꎬ呈正三角形或三角形ꎬ多数无突起ꎬ只 1~
2枚较大者在顶端具角状突起而不同ꎮ 在华南楼梯
草ꎬ茎无毛或顶端疏被短柔毛ꎬ叶下面无毛或疏被短
柔毛ꎬ多具半离基三出脉ꎬ雌头状花序总苞片不明
显ꎬ呈扁卵形ꎬ所有总苞片在顶端均具角状突起 (王
文采ꎬ1995)ꎮ
    腺点楼梯草  图 1: A ̄G
Elatostema adennophorum W. T. Wangꎬ
sp. nov. ( sect. Elatostema ser. Dissecta W. T. Wang)
  Fig. 1: A ̄G
Ob folia semitriplinerviaꎬcapitula staminata longe
pedunculata receptaculis discoideis praedita et achenia
tuberculata species nova haec ad sect. Elatostema
ser. Dissecta W. T. Wang pertinetꎬet est affinis hujus se ̄
riei monotypicae E. dissecto Wedd.ꎬquod foliorum cysto ̄
lithis majoribus 0.3-0.7 mm longisꎬpetiolis brevioribus
usque ad 0.5 mm longisꎬcapitulorum staminatorum re ̄
ceptaculis minoribus usque ad 10 mm longis haud glan ̄
dulosisꎬ bracteis involucraꎬ libus staminatis numerosis
triangularibusꎬbracteolis staminatis glabrisꎬbracteis in ̄
volucraꎬlibus pistillatis haud corniculatisꎬbracteolis pis ̄
tillatis semihyalinis albidis sparse breviterque ciliatis
abhorretꎻob habitumꎬ folia semitriplinerviaꎬcapitulorum
staminatorum receptacula rectangulariaꎬcapitulorum pis ̄
tillatorum bracteas involucrales numerosas apice longe
corniculatas et achenia tuberculata ea est etiam similis
E. atroviridi W. T. Wang ( sect. Elatostema ser. Atro ̄
viridia W. T. Wang (Wangꎬ2011)ꎬquod caulibus prope
apicem sparse puberulisꎬ foliis supra sparse strigosis
subtus ad nervos puberulisꎬ capitulis staminatis
involucris carentibusꎬ eorum pedunculis brevioribus
usque ad 1.5 cm longisꎬeorum receptaculis haud glan ̄
dulosisꎬbracteolis pistillatis semihyalinis albidis breviter
ciliatis praeclare distinguitur.
Herba perennisꎬdioecia. Caules 35-100 cm alti(e
collectoribus)ꎬsupra basin ca. 3 mm crassiꎬglabriꎬlon ̄
gitudinaliter tenuiterque 6 ̄sulcatiꎬ ramose. Folia
731增刊 1                          王文采: 云南东南部楼梯草属二新种
breviter petiolataꎬ glabraꎻ laminae herbaceaeꎬ oblongae
vel oblanceolato ̄oblongaeꎬ(1-4􀆰 5-)9-21 cm longaeꎬ
(0.5-2-)3-6 cm lataeꎬapice longe acuminataeꎬacu ̄
minibus integrisꎬbasi oblique cuneatae vel latere latiore
late cuneatae vel subrotundataeꎬ margine supra basin
denticulatae vel crenataeꎬsemitriplinervesꎬnervis later ̄
alibus 3-4 ̄jugis supra planis subtus leviter prominulisꎬ
cystolithis densis leviter conspicuis bacilliformibus 0.1-
0.25 mm longisꎻpetioli 1-6 mm longiꎻstipulae tenuiter
subulatae vel anguste linearesꎬ 2 - 15 mm longaeꎬ
virides. Capitula staminata singulariter axillariaꎬ longe
pedunculataꎻpedunculus 4 - 10 cm longusꎬglaberꎻ re ̄
ceptaculum rectangulareꎬ15 - 27 mm longumꎬ10 - 17
mm latum medio constrictumꎬ glabrumꎬ dense
glanduloso ̄punctulatumꎻ bracteae involucrales ca. 8ꎬ
depresse ovatae vel transverse linearesꎬ1.8-2 mm lon ̄
gaeꎬ5.5 - 10 mm lataeꎬapice truncato ̄ rotundatae vel
truncataeꎬglabraeꎻbracteolae numerosaeꎬdensissimaeꎬ
membranaceaeꎬsemihyalinaeꎬalbidaeꎬanguste obovatae
vel spathulataeꎬ2-3 mm longaeꎬsuperne ciliatae. Ala ̄
bastra staminata breviter pedicellataꎬsubglobosaꎬca. 1
mm in diam.ꎬ apice breviter 4 ̄corniculata et pauce
pilosa. Capicula pistillata singulariter axillariaꎻpedun ̄
culus ca. 5 mm longusꎬ glaberꎻ receptaculum
irregulariter rectangulareꎬ6-12 mm longumꎬ5-9 mm
latumꎬ glabrumꎻ bracteae involucrales ca. 60ꎬ
triangulares vel deltoideaeꎬ0. 3 - 1 mm longaeꎬ0. 2 - 2
mm lataeꎬ margine ciliataeꎬ apice longe corniculataeꎬ
cornibus 0. 5 - 1. 5 mm longisꎻ bracteolae numerosaeꎬ
densissimaeꎬviridesꎬlineari ̄oblanceolataeꎬ0.3-0.6 mm
longaeꎬdense longeque ciliataeꎬ ciliis 0. 3 - 0. 5 mm
longis. Achenia brunneolaꎬsuboblongaꎬca. 0.8 mm lon ̄
gaꎬdense tuberculataꎬbasi angustataꎻstaminodia 3ꎬlate
obovoideaꎬca. 0.2 mm longaꎬdorso pilis unicis vel bi ̄
natis tecta.
多年生草本ꎬ雌雄异株ꎮ 茎高 35~100 cmꎬ基部
之上粗约 3 mmꎬ无毛ꎬ有 6条细纵沟ꎬ分枝ꎮ 叶有短
柄ꎬ无毛ꎻ叶片草质ꎬ长圆形或倒披针状长圆形ꎬ长
(1~4.5~ )9~ 21 cmꎬ宽(0.5 ~ 2 ~ )3 ~ 6 cmꎬ顶端长
渐尖(尖头全缘)ꎬ基部斜楔形或在宽侧宽楔形或圆
形ꎬ边缘在基部之上具小牙齿或浅钝齿ꎬ具半离基三
出脉ꎬ侧脉 3~4对ꎬ上面平ꎬ下面微隆起ꎬ钟乳体密ꎬ
稍明显ꎬ杆状ꎬ长 0.1 ~ 0.25 mmꎻ叶柄长 1 ~ 6 mmꎻ托
叶细钻形或狭条形ꎬ长 2 ~ 15 mmꎬ绿色ꎮ 雄头状花
序单生叶腋ꎬ具长梗ꎻ花序梗长 4~10 cmꎬ无毛ꎻ花序
托长方形ꎬ长 15~27 mmꎬ宽 10 ~ 17 mmꎬ中部缢缩ꎬ
无毛ꎬ有密集小腺点ꎻ总苞片约 8ꎬ扁卵形或横条形ꎬ
长 1.8~2 mmꎬ宽 5.5~10 mmꎬ顶端截状圆形或截形ꎬ
无毛ꎻ小苞片多数ꎬ密集ꎬ膜质ꎬ半透明ꎬ白色ꎬ狭倒卵
形或匙形ꎬ长 2 ~ 3 mmꎬ上部被缘毛ꎮ 雄花蕾具短
梗ꎬ近球形ꎬ直径约 1 mmꎬ顶端有 4 短角状突起ꎬ并
被少数毛ꎮ 雌头状花序单生叶腋ꎻ花序梗长约 5
mmꎬ无毛ꎻ花序托不规则长方形ꎬ长 6 ~ 12 mmꎬ宽
3~9 mmꎬ无毛ꎻ总苞片约 60ꎬ三角形或正三角形ꎬ长
0.3~1 mmꎬ宽 0.2 ~ 2 mmꎬ被缘毛ꎬ顶端具角状突起
(突起长 0.5~ 1.5 mm)ꎻ小苞片多数ꎬ密集ꎬ绿色ꎬ条
状披针形ꎬ长 0.3 ~ 0.6 mmꎬ密被长缘毛(毛长 0.3 ~
0.5 mm)ꎮ 瘦果淡褐色ꎬ近长圆形ꎬ长约 0.8 mmꎬ有
密瘤状突起ꎬ基部变狭ꎻ退化雄蕊 3ꎬ宽倒卵球形ꎬ长
约 0.2 mmꎬ背面有 1~2根毛ꎮ
云南(Yunnan):马关(Maguan)ꎬ古林箐(Gulin ̄
qing)ꎬalt. 576 mꎬ植株高 35~100 cmꎬ2009 ̄07 ̄04ꎬ金
效华ꎬ刘冰ꎬ刘博ꎬ权旭ꎬ苏俊霞ꎬ钟轶(Jin Xiao ̄huaꎬ
Liu BingꎬLiu BoꎬQuan XuꎬSu Jun ̄xiaꎬZhong Yi)704
(♂ꎬholotypeꎬPE)ꎬ703(♂ꎬPE)ꎬ705(♀ꎬPE)ꎮ
根据本种的叶具半离基三出脉ꎬ雄头状花序具
长花序梗和盘状花序托ꎬ瘦果具瘤状突起等特征ꎬ本
种应隶属于骤尖楼梯草组的单种系盘托楼梯草系
( sect. Elatostema ser. Dissecta W. T. Wang)(王文采ꎬ
2011)ꎬ与此系的盘托楼梯草(E. dissectum Wedd.)的
区别在于:叶的钟乳体较小ꎬ长 0.1 ~ 0.25 mmꎬ叶柄
较长ꎬ长 1 ~ 6 mmꎬ雄头状花序的花序托较大ꎬ长
15~27 mmꎬ有密集的腺点[在我国楼梯草属 234 种
(王文采ꎬ2012)中ꎬ只有本种的雄花序托具腺体]ꎬ
其雄总苞片约 8枚ꎬ呈扁卵形或横条形ꎬ雄小苞片被
缘毛ꎬ雌总苞片顶端具长角状突起ꎬ雌小苞片绿色ꎬ
不半透明ꎬ密被长缘毛ꎬ而可区别ꎮ 在盘托楼梯草ꎬ
叶的钟乳体较大ꎬ长 0.3 ~ 0.7 mmꎬ叶柄较短ꎬ长达
0.5 mmꎬ雄头状花序的花序托较小ꎬ长达 10 mmꎬ不
具腺体ꎬ其雄总苞片多数ꎬ呈三角形ꎬ雄小苞片无毛ꎬ
雌总苞片不具角状突起ꎬ雌小苞片半透明ꎬ白色ꎬ疏
被短缘毛(王文采ꎬ1995)ꎮ
此外ꎬ本种在体态ꎬ叶的脉序ꎬ雄头状花序形状ꎬ
雌头状花序的总苞苞片多数ꎬ顶端具长角状突起ꎬ瘦
果具瘤状突起等方面ꎬ 与骤尖楼梯草组深绿楼梯草
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831 广  西  植  物                                      36卷