全 文 : Guihaia Jun. 2016ꎬ 36 (增刊 1): 227-230
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【原文刊载】 “四川绿绒蒿属二新种” 已于 “中国知网 (CNKI)” 单篇优先数字出版ꎬ «广西植物»待刊ꎮ
四川绿绒蒿属二新种
王文采
( 中国科学院植物研究所 系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室ꎬ 北京 100093 )
摘 要: 该文描述了自四川西北部发现的罂粟科绿绒蒿属二新种:肋蕊绿绒蒿ꎬ可能与拉萨绿绒蒿近缘ꎬ区别
特征为其叶片较狭ꎬ全缘ꎬ子房具 4条纵肋ꎻ以及狭瓣绿绒蒿ꎬ此种可能与川西绿绒蒿近缘ꎬ区别特征为其叶片
较小ꎬ无毛ꎬ花瓣呈条状倒披针形ꎮ
关键词: 罂粟科ꎬ 绿绒蒿属ꎬ 二新种ꎬ 四川
中图分类号: Q949 文献标识码: A 文章编号: 1000 ̄3142(2016)增刊 1 ̄0227 ̄04
Two new species of Meconopsis (Papaveraceae)
from Sichuan
WANG Wen ̄Tsai
( State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botanyꎬ Institute of Botanyꎬ Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Beijing 100093 )
Abstract: Two species of the genus Meconopsis (Papaveraceae)ꎬ are described as new from western area of Sichuan
Provinceꎬ China. Of them M. pleurogyna is probably related to M. lhasaensis Grey ̄wilsonꎬ differing in its narrowerꎬ en ̄
tire leaf blades and longitudinally 4 ̄ribbed ovaryꎻ and M. angustipetala is probably related to M. henrici Bur. & Franch.ꎬ
differing in its smallerꎬ glabrous leaf bladesꎬ and peculiar linear ̄oblanceolate petals.
Key words: Papaveraceaeꎬ Meconopsisꎬ two new speciesꎬ Sichuan
自 2015年 12月初起我开始鉴定一批绿绒蒿属
未定名的标本ꎬ这时ꎬ我从植物研究所图书馆刚借到
刚购入的一本由英国植物学家 C. Grey ̄wilson 于
2014年编写出版的绿绒蒿属专著(见本文“参考文
献”)ꎬ此书收载绿绒蒿属植物 79 种ꎬ将其等划分为
4亚属ꎬ10组ꎬ13 系ꎬ制定出此属的一新分类系统ꎮ
同时ꎬ该作者在此书中将原置于绿绒蒿属、特产我国
的 Meconopsis chelidonifolia Bur. & Franch. 和 M. oliv ̄
eriana Franch. Ex Prain 二种从此属转移到另一属
Cathacartia Hook. f. ex Hook.中ꎮ 此书收载我国此属
植物 58种ꎬ比于 2008年出版的«Flora of China»(见
本文“参考文献”)中的绿绒蒿属志(收载 43 种)增
加了 15种ꎮ 我在鉴定工作过程中发现了采自四川
西部此属植物的 2 号标本代表了 2 个新种ꎬ现在本
文中发表ꎮ
肋蕊绿绒蒿 图 1
Meconopsis pleurogyna W.T.Wangꎬsp.nov. Fig.1
[ Subgen. Cumminsia ( Prain ) Grey ̄Wilson
sect. Racemosae C. Y. Wu & H. Chuang]
Ob scapos et sepala setis tenuibus potius debilibus
obtectaꎬ flores vadoce crateriformes 5 ̄7 ̄petalatos et sta ̄
minum filamenta filiformia species nova haec est fortasse
affinis M. lhasaensi Grey ̄Wilsonꎬ a qua foliorum laminis
angustioribus anguste oblongis vel anguste ovatis
margine indivisis nec undulatis nec crispatisꎬ floribus
omnibus singulariter scaposis haud in racemos
收稿日期: 2016 ̄04 ̄05 修回日期: 2016 ̄05 ̄16
作者简介: 王文采(1926 ̄)ꎬ男ꎬ研究员ꎬ中国科学院院士ꎬ著名植物分类学家ꎬ长期从事有花植物分类学研究ꎮ
图 1 肋蕊绿绒蒿 A. 植株全形ꎻ B. 全缘的花瓣ꎻ C. 顶端微裂的花瓣ꎻ D. 二雄蕊ꎻ E. 雌蕊ꎮ
Fig. 1 Meconopsis pleurogyna A. Habitꎻ B. Petal with entire marginꎻ C. Petal with apex lobulateꎻ
D. Two stamensꎻ E. Pistil. (Aꎬ Bꎬ D and E from holotypeꎻ Cꎬ from isotype)
dispositisꎬ petalis saturate caeruleo ̄purprueisꎬ ovariis
conspicue longitudinaliterque 4 ̄costatis plerumque
glabris raro sparse setulosis praeclare differt. In M. lha ̄
saensiꎬ foliorum laminae latiores longe ellipticae
margine undulatae et crispatae interdum lobulataeꎬ
flores in racemos dispositi et singularter scaposiꎬ petala
dilute caeruleaꎬ et ovaria dense setulosa haud longitudi ̄
naliterque costata sunt.
Small monocarpic herbs. Taproots dauciformꎬ ca.12
cm longꎬ near apex 0.6-1 cm in diam. Leaves 9-12ꎬ all
basalꎻ blades membranous or thin ̄paperyꎬ narrow ̄
oblongꎬ narrow ̄ovateꎬ or spatulateꎬ 1.8-4.2 × 0.7-1.2
cmꎬ 3 ̄nervedꎬ apex slightly obtuse or slightly acuteꎬ
base attenuate into short or long linear petiolesꎬ margin
entireꎻ surfaces adaxially near margin densely
appressed ̄hispidꎬ abaxially sparsely appressed ̄hispidꎬ
or subglabrousꎻ petioles flattenedꎬ 1 - 3 cm longꎬ
glabrous or subglabrous. Scapes 2 - 9ꎬ 7 - 14 cm tallꎬ
822 广 西 植 物 36卷
1.2-2.5 mm in diam.ꎬ on apex 1 ̄floweredꎬ from base to
apex covered with denseꎬ rtetrorseꎬ yellowishꎬ thin and
rather weak bristles 1-3 mm long. Flowers solitary and
terminal on scapesꎬ lateral ̄facingꎬ shallowly bowl ̄
shapedꎬ 4-5 cm in diam. Flower buds subglobose ca. 1
cm in diam.ꎬ near apex and base with bristles 0.8-2
mm long. Sepal caduceus unknown.Petals 5-7ꎬ deep ̄
blue ̄purple (from the collector)ꎬ narrow ̄obovateꎬ 1.8-
2.4 × 0.9-1.5 cmꎬ glabrousꎬ apex roundedꎬ entire or
few ̄lobulate. Stamens numerousꎬ glabrousꎻ filaments
purpleꎬ filiformꎬ 5 - 9 mm longꎻ anthers yellowishꎬ
broadly oblong or subquadrateꎬ 1-1.5 mm long. Pistil
slightly shorter than stamensꎻ ovary compressedꎬ
whitishꎬ oblong ̄ovateꎬ 4. 5 - 6 × 2. 5 - 3 mmꎬ
conspicuously longitudindally 4 ̄ribbedꎬ glabrousꎬ rarely
with a few short bristles 0.4-2 mm longꎻ style 2.5-3
mm longꎬ glabrousꎻ stigma 1.5 mm longꎬ with 4 dark ̄
brown lobes.
四川(Sichuan): 马尔康县ꎬ梦笔山(Maerkang
XianꎬMengbi Shan)ꎬalt. 4 150 mꎬ稀疏灌丛草甸ꎻ草
本ꎬ花冠蓝紫色ꎬ花瓣顶端浅裂( on alpine meadow
with sparse bushesꎻherbsꎬwith blue ̄purple corollas and
petals irregularly lobulate at apex)ꎬ1983 ̄06 ̄29ꎬ汤宗孝
(Z. X. Tang) 1201(holotype and isotypesꎬ PE)ꎮ
本种的花葶和萼片均被纤细、颇弱的刺毛ꎬ花浅
碗状ꎬ具 5~7枚花瓣ꎬ雄蕊花丝丝形ꎬ因此与也具上
述形态特征的拉萨绿绒蒿 (Meconopsis lhasaensis
Grey ̄Wilson)相似ꎬ可能有相近亲缘关系ꎮ 与后者
的区别:本种叶片较狭ꎬ呈狭长圆形或狭卵形ꎬ边缘
不分裂ꎬ不呈波状和皱波状ꎬ所有花均单生花葶顶
端ꎬ不组成总状花序ꎬ花瓣深蓝紫色ꎬ子房具明显 4
条纵肋ꎬ无毛ꎬ稀具少数短刺毛ꎮ 而拉萨绿绒蒿叶片
较宽ꎬ呈长椭圆形ꎬ边缘波状和皱波状ꎬ有时具小裂
片ꎬ花组成总状花序ꎬ同时单生花葶顶端ꎬ花瓣淡蓝
色ꎬ子房密被短刺毛ꎬ不具纵肋(Grey ̄Wilsonꎬ2014)ꎮ
狭瓣绿绒蒿 图 2
Meconopsis angustipetala W. T. Wangꎬ sp.
nov. Fig. 2
[Subgen.Cummisia (Prain) Grey ̄Wilson sect. Im ̄
peditae Grey ̄Wilson ser. Hernicanae C. Y. Wu &
H. Chuang]
Ob foliorum laminas lanceolatas margine integrasꎬ
flores omnes singulariter scapososꎬ staminum filamenta
supra filiformia inferne linearia species nova haec est
fortasse affinis M. henrici Bur. & Franch.ꎬ a qua
foliorum laminis minoribus usque ad 3.8 cm longis et 7
mm latis glabrisꎬ petalis peculiaribus in forma intra ge ̄
nerem Meconopsem lineari ̄oblanceolatis tantum 5 - 8
mm latis statim distinguitur. In M. henriciꎬ foliorum
laminae majores usque ad 14. 5 cm longae et 2. 3 cm
latae utrinque setosaeꎬ et petala ovata vel obovata 1.4-
2.6 cm lata sunt.
Small nonocarpic herb. Root subterete (?)ꎬ at apex
ca. 4 mm in diam. Leaves ca. 10ꎬ all basalꎬ glabrousꎻ
blades paperyꎬ lanceolate ̄linear or lanceolateꎬ rarely nar ̄
row ̄ovateꎬ 1.8-3.8 × 0.5-0.7 cmꎬ apex slightly obtuseꎬ
base attenuate into linear petioleꎬ margin entireꎻ petioles
flattenedꎬ linearꎬ 3.4-4 × 0.1-0.2 mm. Scapes ca. 4 per
plantꎬ up to 12 cm tall in flowerꎬ to 19 cm tall in fruitꎬ
near base 1.5-3 mm in diam.ꎬ above sparsely hirsute
(hairs 1-2.5 mm long)ꎬ below glabrousꎬ on apex 1 ̄flow ̄
ered. Flower slightly pendulousꎬ ca. 4. 2 cm in diam.
Sepals 2ꎬ broadly ellipticꎬ ca. 1.8 cm longꎬ abaxially very
sparsely appressed ̄hispid (hairs ca. 0.5 mm long). Petals
6ꎬ when drying dark ̄blueꎬ linear ̄oblanceolateꎬ 2.1-2.5 ×
0.5-0.8 cmꎬ glabrousꎬ apex truncate ̄rounded. Stamens
numerousꎬ glabrousꎻ filaments 8-11 mm longꎬ above the
middle deep blueꎬ filiformꎬ below the middle whitishꎬ
narrow ̄linear and longitudinally 1 ̄nervedꎻ anthers yellow ̄
ishꎬ broadly oblongꎬ 1-1.2 mm long. Pistil as long as sta ̄
mensꎻ ovary ovoidꎬ ca. 5 × 3.5 mmꎬ sparsely appressed ̄
fulvous ̄hirsute (hairs 1-2 mm long)ꎻ style 5 mm longꎬ
glabrousꎻ stigma broadly ovoidꎬ ca. 2-2 mm.
四川(Sichuan): 康定县ꎬ沙德乡ꎬ贡嘎寺后山
(Kangding XianꎬShade Xiangꎬ in the mountain behind
Gongga Temple)ꎬalt. 4 700 mmꎬ1982 ̄07 ̄31ꎬcollector
unknownꎬPE no. 1306833 (holotypeꎬ PE)ꎮ
本种的叶片披针形ꎬ边缘全缘ꎬ花全部单生花葶
上ꎬ雄蕊花丝上部呈丝形ꎬ下部呈条形ꎬ因此可能与
也具上述形态特征的川西绿绒蒿 Meconopsis henrici
Bur. & Franch.有亲缘关系ꎬ与后者的区别在于本种
的叶片较小ꎬ长 3.8 cmꎬ宽 7 mmꎬ无毛ꎬ花瓣的形状
在绿绒蒿属中较独特ꎬ呈条状倒披针形ꎬ宽仅 5 ~ 8
mmꎮ 在川西绿绒蒿ꎬ叶片较大ꎬ长 14.5 cmꎬ宽 2.3
cmꎬ在两面均被刺毛ꎬ花瓣呈卵形或倒卵形ꎬ宽 1.4~
2.6 cm(Grey ̄Wilsonꎬ2014)ꎮ
922增刊 1 王文采等: 四川绿绒蒿属二新种
图 2 狭瓣绿绒蒿 A. 植株全形ꎻ B. 雄蕊ꎻ C. 雌蕊ꎮ
Fig. 2 Meconopsis angustipetala A. Habitꎻ B. Stamenꎻ C. Pistil. (from holotype)
致谢 深切感谢孙英宝先生为本文绘图ꎮ
参考文献:
GREY ̄WILSON Cꎬ 2014. The genus Meconopsis-Blue poppies and
their relatives[M]. Royal Botanic Gardensꎬ Kew: Kew Publish ̄
ing.
ZHANG MLꎬGREY ̄WILSON Cꎬ 2008. Meconopsis Vig [M] / / WU
ZYꎬ RAVEN PH. Flora of China. Beijing: Science Pressꎻ
St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Pressꎬ7: 262-278.
032 广 西 植 物 36卷