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Two new species of Elatostema(Urticaceae)from China

楼梯草属二新种



全 文 :  Guihaia  Jun. 2016ꎬ 36 (增刊 1): 148-151
http: / / journal.gxzw.gxib.cn
http: / / www.guihaia-journal.com
【原文刊载】 “楼梯草属二新种” 已于 “中国知网 (CNKI)” 单篇优先数字出版ꎬ «广西植物»待刊ꎮ
楼梯草属二新种
王文采
( 中国科学院植物研究所 系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室ꎬ 北京 100093 )
摘  要: 描述了荨麻科楼梯草属 2新种ꎬ其中发现自贵州的安龙楼梯草与条叶楼梯草近缘ꎬ与后者的区别在
于此新种的茎和叶无毛ꎬ叶片椭圆形或狭倒卵形ꎬ较宽ꎬ雄苞片无角状突起ꎬ雌头状花序无梗ꎬ其花序托不等
3~4裂ꎬ柱头画笔头状ꎻ自广西发现的厚序楼梯草与福贡楼梯草近缘ꎬ与后者的区别在于此新种的叶片质地较
薄ꎬ呈膜质ꎬ上面疏被糙伏毛ꎬ叶柄较短ꎬ长达 2 mm或不存在ꎬ雄花序梗圆柱形ꎬ较长ꎬ密被短柔毛ꎬ雄总苞由一
层不具角状突起的苞片组成ꎮ
关键词: 荨麻科ꎬ 楼梯草属ꎬ 新种ꎬ 中国
中图分类号: Q949     文献标识码: A    文章编号: 1000 ̄3142(2016)增刊 1 ̄0148 ̄04
Two new species of Elatostema (Urticaceae) from China
WANG Wen ̄Tsai
( State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary BotanyꎬInstitute of Botanyꎬ Chinese Academy of Sciencesꎬ Beijing 100093ꎬ China )
Abstract: Two species of the genus Elatostema (Urticaceae) are described as newꎬ of whichꎬ E. anlongense was discov ̄
ered from Guizhou Proviceꎬ and is related to E. sublineare W. T. Wangꎬ differing from the latter in its glabrous stems and
leavesꎬ braoder long elliptic or narrowly obovate leaf bladesꎬ not corniculate staminate bractsꎬ sessile pistillate capitulaꎬ
3-4 ̄lobed pistillate receptaclesꎬ and penicillate stigma. The other new speciesꎬ E. pachycephalum was discovered from
Guangxi Autonomous Regionꎬ and is related to E. fugongense W. T. Wangꎬ differing from the latter in its thinner mem ̄
branous adaxially strigose leaf bladesꎬ shorter petiolesꎬ longer terete and densely puberulous staminate pendunclesꎬ and
the staminate involucres consisting of 1 ̄seriateꎬ not corniculate bracts.
Key words: Urticaceaeꎬ Elatostemaꎬ new speciesꎬ China
    安龙楼梯草  图 1: A ̄F
Elatostema anlongense W. T. Wangꎬ sp. nov.
Fig. 1: A ̄F
[Sect. Weddellia (H. Schröter) W. T. Wang ser.
Sublinearia W. T. Wang]
Species nova haec est fortasse affinis E. sublineari
W. T. Wangꎬ a quo caulibus et foliis glabrisꎬ foliorum
laminis longe ellipticis vel anguste obovatis latioribus
(2.8-3.4 cm latis)ꎬ bracteis staminatis haud cornicula ̄
tisꎬ bracteolis staminatis glabrisꎬ capitulis pistillatis ses ̄
silibusꎬ eorum receptaculis inaequaliter 3 - 4 ̄lobatisꎬ
bracteolis pistillatis glabrisꎬ stigmatibus penicillatis re ̄
cedit. In E. sublineariꎬ caules et folia pubescentiaꎬ foli ̄
orum laminae anguste oblanceolatae vel lineari  ̄ oblan ̄
收稿日期: 2015 ̄06 ̄17    修回日期: 2015 ̄07 ̄06
作者简介: 王文采(1926 ̄ )ꎬ男ꎬ研究员ꎬ中国科学院院士ꎬ著名植物分类学家ꎬ长期从事有花植物分类学研究ꎮ
图 1  A ̄F. 安龙楼梯草  A. 开花茎上部ꎻ B. 雄头状花序(侧下面观)ꎻ C. 同 Bꎬ侧面观ꎻ D. 雄小苞片和雄花蕾ꎻ E. 雌头状花序(下面观)ꎻ
F. 雌小苞片和雌花ꎮ G ̄N. 厚序楼梯草  G. 2叶和一腋生雄头状花序以及一对腋生雌头状花序ꎻ H. 雌头状花序(下面观)ꎻ I. 外层雌苞片
和 5内层雌苞片ꎻ J. 雌小苞片和雌花ꎻ K. 瘦果ꎻ L. 雄头状花序(下面观)ꎻ M. 3雄苞片ꎻ N. 雄小苞片和雄花蕾ꎮ
Fig. 1  A ̄F. Elatostema anlongense  A. Upper part of flowering stemꎻ B. Staminate capitulumꎬ seen from the lateral bottomꎻ C. The same as Bꎬ
seen from one sideꎻ D. Staminate bracteole and staminate flower budꎻ E. Piatillate capitulumꎬ seen from beneathꎻ F. Pistillate bracteoles and pistillate flower.
(from holotpye)  G ̄N. E. pachycephalum  G. Two leaves and an axillary staminate capitulum and a pair of axillary pistillate caputulaꎻ H. Pistillate ca ̄
putulumꎬ seen from beneathꎻ I. One outer pistillate bract and five inner pistillate bractsꎻ J. Pistillate bracteoles and pistillate flowerꎻ K. Acheneꎻ L. Stami ̄
nate capitulumꎬ seen from beneathꎻ M. Three staminate bractsꎻ N. Staminate bracteoles and staminate flower bud. (from holotype)
941增刊 1                              王文采等: 楼梯草属二新种
ceolatae 1.2-2.2 cm lataeꎬ bracteae staminatae apice
corniculataeꎬ bracteolae staminatae dense ciliataeꎬ ca ̄
pitula pistillata breviter pedunculataꎬ eorum receptacula
indivisa vel 2 ̄lobataꎬ bracteolae pistillatae longe cilia ̄
taeꎬ et stigmata breviter teretia sunt.
Perennial herbꎬ monoecious.Stem ca. 36 cm tallꎬ
near base 2 mm in diam.ꎬ glabrousꎬ simpleꎬ ca. 7 ̄
leaved. Leaves alternateꎬ sessile or shortly petiolateꎬ
glabrousꎻ blades paperyꎬ obliquely long elliptic or nar ̄
rowly obovateꎬ 6-9.6 × 2.8-3.4 cmꎬ apex acuminateꎬ
base obliquely cuneateꎬ margin denticulateꎻ nervation
pinnateꎬ with 5 - 6 pairs of inconspicuous secondary
nervesꎻ cystoliths not denseꎬ bacilliformꎬ 0.1-0.3 mm
longꎻ petioles 0-1 mm longꎻ stipules whiteꎬ membra ̄
nousꎬ narrowly triangularꎬ 7-9 × 3-4 mmꎬ 1 ̄nerved.
Staminate capitula singly axillaryꎬ pedunculateꎻ pedun ̄
cle whiteꎬ ca. 3 mm longꎬ glabrousꎻ receptacle smallꎬ
subquadrateꎬ ca. 2 mm longꎬ glabrousꎻ bracts ca. 7ꎬ
whiteꎬ membranousꎬ broadly triangular or broadly
ovateꎬ 1-2 × 1.2-2 mmꎬ subglabrousꎻ bracteoles ca.
10ꎬ whiteꎬ membranousꎬ semi ̄hyalineꎬ linearꎬ 2.5-3 ×
0. 3 - 0. 4 mmꎬ glabrous. Staminate flower: Pedicel
whiteꎬ 0. 4 - 1. 5 mm longꎬ glabrous. Staminate flower
bud subgloboseꎬ ca. 1.2 mm in diam.ꎬ tetramerousꎬ gla ̄
brousꎬ near apex brown ̄puncticulate. Pistillate capitula
singly axillaryꎬ sessileꎻ receptacle subpentagonalꎬ ca.
4 × 5 mmꎬ glabrousꎬ unequally 3-4 ̄lobedꎻ bracts ca.
40ꎬ membranousꎬ linear or narrowly triangularꎬ 0.8-1×
0.2 -0.3 mmꎬ glabrousꎻ bracteoles numerousꎬ denseꎬ
near apex greenꎬ narrowly linearꎬ 0. 6 - 1 × 0. 1 - 0. 2
mmꎬ glabrous. Pistillate flower: Pedicel ca. 0. 1 mm
longꎬ glabrous. Tepals wanting. Pistil ca. 4.5 mm longꎻ
ovary ellipsoidꎬ ca. 0. 25 mm longꎬ glabrousꎻ stigma
penicillateꎬ with dense hairs ca. 0.2 mm long.
贵州(Guizhou):安龙县 (Anlong Xian)ꎬ石灰岩
山(in lime ̄stone hill)ꎬ 2010 ̄05ꎬ韦毅刚(Y. G. Wei)
6681 (Holotypeꎬ PE).
本种在亲缘关系上可能接近条叶楼梯草(E. sub ̄
lineare W. T. Wang)ꎬ与后者的区别在于本种的茎和
叶均无毛ꎬ叶片长椭圆形或狭倒卵形ꎬ较宽(宽 2.8 ~
3.4 cm)ꎬ雄苞片无角状突起ꎬ雄小苞片无毛ꎬ雌头状
花序无梗ꎬ其花序托不等 3 ~ 4 裂ꎬ雌小苞片无毛ꎬ柱
头画笔头状ꎮ 在条叶楼梯草ꎬ茎和叶均被柔毛ꎬ叶片
狭倒披针形或条状倒披针形ꎬ宽 1.2~2.2 cmꎬ雄苞片
顶端具角状突起ꎬ雄小苞片密被缘毛ꎬ雌头状花序具
短梗ꎬ其花序托不分裂或 2裂ꎬ雌小苞片被长缘毛ꎬ柱
头短圆柱状ꎮ (王文采ꎬ2014)
厚序楼梯草  图 1: G ̄N
Elatostema pachycephalum W. T. Wangꎬ sp. nov.
(Sect. Elatostema ser. Albopilosa W. T. Wang)
Ob folia penninerviaꎬ capitula staminata longius
pedunculata et receptaculis discoideis praedita et ache ̄
nia longitudinaliter 6 ̄costata species nova haec ad Sect.
Elatostema ser. Albopilosa W. T. Wang pertinetꎬ et in
serie hac est affinis E. fugongensi W. T. Wangꎬ a quo
foliorum laminis tenuioribus membranaceis supra sparse
strigosisꎬ petiolis brevioribus vel nullis usque ad 2 mm
longisꎬ pedunculis staminatis teretibus 14-26 mm lon ̄
gis dense puberulisꎬ involucris staminatis ex bracteis 1 ̄
seriatis apice haud corniculatis constantibus facile dif ̄
fert. In E. fugongensiꎬ foliorum laminae papyraceae su ̄
pra glabraeꎬ petioli 3-4.5 mm longiꎬ pedunculi stami ̄
nati complanati breviores 12 mm longi glabriꎬ et in ̄
volucra staminata ex bracteis 2 ̄seriatis apice breviter
crasseque cornitulatis constantia sunt.
Perennial herbs. Stems ca. 30 cm tallꎬ near base
ca. 3.5 mm in diam.ꎬ glabrousꎬ simpleꎬ ca. 8 ̄leavedꎬ
longitudinally shallowly 4 ̄sulcate. Leaves alternateꎬ
shortly petiolate or sessileꎻ blades membranousꎬ long
elliptic or oblanceolateꎬ 15-22 × 4-8 cmꎬ apex long
acuminateꎬ base obliquely cuneateꎬ margin obtusely
denticulateꎻ surfaces adaxially sparsely strigoseꎬ abaxi ̄
ally glabrousꎻ nervation pinnateꎬ with secondary nerves
ca. 5 at leaf narrow side and 7 at broad sideꎬ and with
midrib abaxially prominentꎻ cystoliths along nerves
denseꎬ bacilliformꎬ 0.1-0.25 mm longꎻ petioles 0-2
mm longꎬ glabrousꎻ stipules not seen. Staminate capit ̄
ula singly arising from axils of apical leavesꎻ penduncle
whiteꎬ tereteꎬ 14-26 mm longꎬ ca. 3 mm in diam.ꎬ
densely puberulous (haires ca. 0.1 mm long)ꎻ recep ̄
tacle subquadrateꎬ ca. 10 × 10 mmꎬ sparsely puberu ̄
lousꎻ bracts ca. 20ꎬ whiteꎬ membranousꎬ broadly
ovateꎬ ca. 1 mm longꎬ abaxially 1 ̄green ̄ribbedꎻ brac ̄
teoles denseꎬ membranousꎬ linear or triangularꎬ 0.3-
0.6 × 0.1-0.3 mmꎬ densely ciliate. Staminate flower
buds numerousꎬ subgloboseꎬ ca. 1 mm in diam.ꎬ pi ̄
051 广  西  植  物                                      36卷
loseꎬ tetramerousꎬ with glabrous pedicels 0.5-1.5 mm
long. Pistillate capitula in pairs axillaryꎻ peduncle
complanateꎬ rectangularꎬ ca. 1.5 × 2.5 mmꎬ glabrousꎻ
receptacle thickꎬ obliquely ellipticꎬ ca. 5.5 × 4.5 mmꎬ
puberulousꎻ bracts ca. 21ꎬ 2 ̄seriateꎬ whiteꎬ membra ̄
nousꎬ outer bract 1ꎬ broadly triangularꎬ ca. 0. 5 × 1
mmꎬ puberulousꎬ inner bracts ca. 20ꎬ broadly triangu ̄
larꎬ deltoid or triangularꎬ 0.4-1 × 0.5-1 mmꎬ puber ̄
ulousꎬ ciliolateꎻ bracteoles numerousꎬ denseꎬ membra ̄
nousꎬ linearꎬ 0.3-0.6 × 0.1-0.3 mmꎬ densely ciliate.
Pistillate flower: Pedicel roubustꎬ 0.1-0.25 mm longꎬ
glabrous. Tepals 2ꎬ linearꎬ ca. 0. 25 mm longꎬ gla ̄
brous. Pistil ca. 0.8 mm longꎻ ovary ovoid or narrowly
ovoidꎬ 0.3-0.5 mm longꎬ glabrousꎻ stigma penicillateꎬ
ca. 1.5 mm long. Achenes whitishꎬ narrowly ellipsoidꎬ
ca. 0. 7 mm longꎬ longitudinally 6 ̄ribbedꎬ with ribs
conspicuously prominent.
广西(Guangxi): 那坡县ꎬ百合乡ꎬ北坎(Napo
Xianꎬ Baihe Xiangꎬ Beikan)ꎬalt. 600 mꎬ山谷湿处
(in wet places in valley)ꎬ草本直立ꎬ花白色( herbs
erectꎬ fls. white)ꎬ 2000 ̄10 ̄09ꎬ邓云飞等(Y. F. Deng
et al.) 15544 (holotypeꎬ PE).
本种的叶具羽状脉ꎬ雄头状花序具较长梗和盘
状花序托ꎬ瘦果具 6条纵肋ꎬ根据这些特征应隶属骤
尖楼梯草组疏毛楼梯草系( sect. Elatostema ser. Al ̄
bopilosa)ꎬ在此系中与福贡楼梯草(Elatostema fugon ̄
gense W. T. Wang)相近缘ꎬ与后者的区别在于本种
的叶片质地较薄ꎬ呈膜质ꎬ上面疏被糙伏毛ꎬ叶柄较
短或不存在ꎬ存在时长达 2 mmꎬ雄花序梗圆柱形ꎬ长
14~26 mmꎬ密被短柔毛ꎬ雄总苞由一层不具角状突
起的苞片组成ꎮ 在福贡楼梯草ꎬ叶片纸质ꎬ上面无
毛ꎬ叶柄长 3 ~ 4.5 mmꎬ雄花序梗扁平ꎬ较短ꎬ长 12
mmꎬ无毛ꎬ雄总苞由 2层苞片组成ꎬ苞片顶端具短而
粗的角状突起(王文采ꎬ2014)ꎮ
致谢  深切感谢孙英宝先生为本文绘图ꎮ
参考文献:
WANG WTꎬ 2014.Elatostema (Urticaceae) in China [M]. Qingd ̄
ao:Qingdao Press. [王文采ꎬ 2014. 中国楼梯草属植物 [M].
青岛:青岛出版社. ]
􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭􀤭
( 上接第 175页 Continue from page 175 )
下部无毛并具 10条浅纵沟ꎮ 叶无柄ꎻ叶片薄纸质ꎬ斜
倒披针形或长椭圆形ꎬ长 13~17 cmꎬ宽 2~4.8 cmꎬ顶
端长渐尖ꎬ基部狭侧长渐狭ꎬ宽侧钝或耳形ꎬ边缘具小
牙齿ꎬ两面极密被短柔毛(毛长 0.2~0.5 mm)ꎬ半离基
三出脉ꎬ侧脉在叶狭侧 3 条ꎬ在宽侧 5 条ꎬ钟乳体密
集ꎬ杆状ꎬ长 0.2~0.5 mmꎻ托叶膜质ꎬ狭披针形或条形ꎬ
长 9~11.5 mmꎬ宽 2~2.8 mmꎬ背面被短柔毛ꎮ 雄聚伞
花序未见ꎮ 雌聚伞花序单生叶腋ꎬ小ꎬ长和宽均为 3
mmꎬ无梗ꎬ下部自基部起有 4条很短分枝ꎻ苞片无柄ꎬ
卵形、狭卵形或狭披针形ꎬ长 0.5~0.6 mmꎬ宽 0.2~0.35
mmꎬ褐色ꎬ无毛ꎬ顶端急尖或渐狭ꎮ 雌花五基数ꎬ未
见ꎻ宿存花被片 5ꎬ披针状条形或狭披针形ꎬ长 0.7~1.5
mmꎬ宽0.3~0.4 mmꎬ褐色ꎬ中央暗褐色ꎬ无毛ꎬ顶端急
尖ꎮ 瘦果两侧扁ꎬ双凸ꎬ宽卵圆形ꎬ长约 1 mmꎬ宽 0.6
mmꎬ具纵列短线纹和极小瘤状突起ꎬ褐色ꎬ顶端具长
约 0.2 mm的柱头膜质残遗部分ꎮ
广西(Guangxi): 龙州(Longzhou)ꎬ金龙( Jin ̄
long)ꎬalt. 250 mꎬ石灰岩山林中(under forest in lime ̄
stone hill)ꎬ2003 ̄09 ̄15ꎬ税玉民ꎬ陈文红(Y. M. Shui &
W. H. Chen) B2003 ̄038(holotypeꎬPE)ꎮ
本种的突出特征是瘦果具纵列短线纹和小瘤状
突起ꎬ据此特征即可与赤车属的其他所有种相区别ꎻ
在此属其他种ꎬ瘦果通常具瘤状突起ꎬ在少数种光滑
或具不规则条纹(marmorate)或短线纹( lineolate)
(Schröterꎬ1936ꎻ王文采ꎬ1995)ꎮ 此外ꎬ本种的另一特
征是叶两面均密被短柔毛ꎬ据此一特征即可与我国赤
车属的其他所有种相区别ꎻ在我国此属其他种ꎬ叶两
面均有多少稀疏的毛ꎬ或只上面或只下面有毛ꎬ或两
面均无毛(王文采ꎬ1995)ꎮ
致谢  孙英宝先生为本文绘图ꎬ深表感谢ꎮ
参考文献:
王文采ꎬ 1995. Pellionia[M] / /中国植物志. 北京:科学出版社ꎬ
23(2):160-187
SCHRöTER HꎬWINKLER Hꎬ 1936. Elatostema subgen. [M] / /
Pellionia. Monographie der Gattung Elatostema s. 1. Repert. Sp.
Nov. Regn. Veg Beihꎬ 83(2):2-92
151增刊 1                              王文采等: 楼梯草属二新种