全 文 ：广 西 植 物 Guihaia 24(1)：29— 32 2004年 1月
石蒜新核型及染色体数目在安徽的发现
秦卫华，周守标 ，汪恒英
(安徽师范大学生命科学学院，安徽芜湖 241000)
摘 要：对安徽省马鞍山的石蒜居群进行了核型分析，发现了石蒜的一种新的染色体数 目及核型。按 Levan
等(1964)标准，核型公式为 2n=24=6m+8sm+6st+4t，为3A核型(Stebbin，1 971)。与目前国内外学者的观
察结果差异很大。马鞍山居群的新染色体数目及核型均为首次报道。
关键词：石蒜；新核型 ；新染色体数目；发现
中图分类号 ：Q942．4 文献标识码 ：A 文章编号：1000—3142(2004)01—0029—04
A neW CIIrom osom e num ber and karyotyoe in ■ l l l_ ●
T ● ’ ● ●
LyC0rls raalata in Anhui Province
QIN Wei—hua，ZHOU Shou—biao ，WANG Heng—ying
(College of Life Science，Anhui Normal University，Wuhu 241000，China)
Abstract：Ma’anshan population of Lycoris radiata from Anhui was studied cytologically．A new chromosome
number and karyotype were found for the first time．The karyotype of L．radiata was formulated as 2n=24=
6m+8sm+ 6st+ 4t，belonging to Stebbin’S(1971)3A type．This new karyotype and chromosome number of
L．radiata were reported firstly in the world．
Key words：Lycoris radiata；new karyotype；new chromosome number；discovery
Lycoris radiata Herb．belonging tO the genus
Lycoris of Amaryllidaceae，is a characteristic spe—
cies in East Asia，which iS well—known for a bulb
flower． Cytological studies on L．radiata have
been carried out by a lot of researchers in the past，
but several arguments and problems still remained．
The present paper discovers a new chromosome
number and karyotype in the L．radiata from M a’
anshan population，when making cytological stud—
ies on the L．radiata from different populations in
Anhui Province． This new chromosome number
and karyotype in L．radiata can offer some basic
cytological data for discussing the karyotype evolu—
tion of the genus Lycoris．
1 M aterials and methods
The materia1 comes from the natura1 popula—
tion in Ma’anshan。Anhui Province． Pretreated
root tips(in P—Dich1orobenzene solution for 4
hours)were fixed in acetic acid—alcoho1 solution(1
：3)for 20 hours．After being washed in distilled
water，root tips were macerated in 1 N HC1 at 60
℃ for about 2 min，then they were immersed into
advanced Phenol—Fuchsin solution for 2 h． W el1
stained root tips were tapped in 45 acetic acid，
Received date：2003—01—16 Accepted date：2003—04—21
Fundation：This paper is supported by natural science fundation of Anhui Province(00042415)
FirSt auther：QIN Wei-hua(1979一)，male，born in Langxi，Anhui，graduate student．Major：Plant systemetics and taxonomy·
*Aut．hor for correspondence
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30 广 西 植 物 24卷
then took microphotographs with Olimpus． The
karyotype analyses was based on Li Mao—xue&
Chen Rui—yang(1 98 5)’S criterion，and the chromo—
some classification referred tO Levan et a1．(1964)．
The vouchers was preserved in the herbarium of
the college of life science，Anhui Normal Universi—
ty．
2 Results and discussion
The chromosome number of Ma’anshan popu—
lation is：2n= 24．The karyotype is formulated as
2n=24—6m+8sm+6st+4t，consists of 6m(chrom
osomes with constrictions in median region)，8sm
(chromosomes with constrictions in submedian re—
gion)，6 st(chromosomes with constrictions in sub—
terminal region) and 4t(chromosomes with con—
strictions in terminal region)．The ratio of the Ion—
gest tO the shortest chromosome is 1．80，belonging
tO Stebbin’S(1971)3A type．See Table 1．Fig．1，
2．
Table 1 The parameters of chromosomes in L．radiata
C．L：Chromosome Length；S+ L= T：Short+ long= total；R．L
Relative Length；A．R：AIT／I Ratio．
3 5
Il - ■ -
9 1 1
Fig．1 The morphology of somatic chromosome and the idiogram of L．radiata
-
譬薹媾 警羹 泰 豢l纛纛l囊蠢纂Ilb·纛▲纛
2 3 4 5 6 8 9 1 0
Fig．2 The karyotype of L．radiata
As SO far，a abundance of researchers all over
the world have made some deep cytological studies
on L．radiata(Nishiyama，1928；Inariyama，1931，
1933，1951a，b；Mookerjea，1955；Takemura，1962a，
b；Bose＆ Flory，1963；Yoshida，1972；Nishikawa et
1 2
nZ．，1979；Kurita，1987a，b；1989；Hsu et a1．，1984；
Chen＆ Li，1985；Liu 8L Hsu，1989；Shao et a1．，
1994；Sun eta1．，1998)．The results show that：L．
radiata is a complex which not only includes the
diploid(2n一22— 220 ，but also the triploid(2n
■■ ■■I
I ■■■■■
■I ■I
． ． ■曩 幔 ．=_ 8 6 4 2 O O 2 4 6 8
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l期 秦卫华等：石蒜新核型及染色体数目在安徽的发现 3l
33—33t)．The usual karyotype of L．radiata only
consists of rod chromosomes with subterminal or
terminal constrictions(with only one arm)．The
basic chromosome number of the genus is X— l 1．
But several workers(Mookerjea，1955；Bose，1963；
Kurita，1987a，b；Hsu et a1．，1984；Chen ＆ Li，
1985；Shao et a1．，1994)have found some abnormal
karyotypes of L．radiata，such as 2n一 33一 lm +
3lt+ lB，2n= 32一 lm + 3it(Bose，1963；Kurita，
1987a，b)；2n=22—4st+18t(Chen＆ Li，1985；Sun
et a1．，1998)；2n一 33= 15t+ l8st(Hsu et a1．，
l984)；2n=23—6st+14t+2T+lB，2n=22一lm+
12st+ 8t+ lB(Shao et a1．，1994)etc．The new
chromosome number and karyotype(2n一 24— 6m
+8sm+6st+ 4t)found in our studies is quite dif—
ferent from those in other reports．In a word，the
chromosome numbers and karyotypes of L．radiata
may be varied in different populations．
According to the opinions of most research—
ers，the karyotype evolution of the genus Lycoris is
mainly decided by Fusion Theory，and this theory
which believes that the basic chromosome number
of the genus is X— l l。the plants with rod chromo—
some(2n=22t or 2n=330 are Primitive taxa．Two
rod chromosomes(t)with terminal c0nstrictions
format a m chromosome(1arge V chromosome)
through the fusion of constrictions and reciprocal
translocation of Robertson Change． In this way
some plants with both m and t chromosomes have
evolved．On the contrary，a few researchers agree
that the karyotype evolution of the genus Lycoris
is mainly decided by Fission Theory，and this theo—
ry which believes that the chromosome group of
the original species of the genus Lycoris should be
2n一 12M ，which consists of 12 large V chromo—
somes with median constrictions． It also believes
that the basic chromosome number of the genus is
X一 6．and one V chromosome could be devided into
two t or T chromosome through the fission of con—
strictions and reciprocal translocation of Robertson
Change，In this way the plants with both m and t
chromosomes have evolved． One crucial index to
testify Robertson Change is that the groups of
chromosomes with different chromosome numbers
whether have the same number of the long arms or
not．Nowadays，most workers agree that although
the chromosome numbers and karyotypes are very
varied in Lycoris，the total number of arms of a
chromosome complement of any species is always
multiples of 1 1．But the new formula of Ma’ans—
han population is 2n= 24— 6m + 8sm + 6st+4t，the
6 m chromosomes could not derive from 12t chro—
mosomes through the fusion of constrictions，and it
is more difficult to use the Fusion Theory or the
Fission Theory to explain the origin of the 8 sm
chromosomes．The theory of the L．radiata trip—
loid’s origin is challenged by the new discovery in
this paper． There are two key hypotheses on the
origin of the triploids in the genus Lycoris：(1)It
derives from the hybridization of diploids with
tetraploids， although the tetraploids have never
been found in Lycoris before． (2)It derives from
the combination between an unreduced gamete of a
diploid and a normal gamete of another diploid．
Because L．radiata has been proved to be an auto—
triploid by Inariyama(1931)，nowadays most re—
searchers agree with the latter one．But the latter
one is also questioned by the new discovery in M a’
anshan population． Further studies are needed to
find out the exact origin of triploids in L．radiata．
Mookerjea(1955)has found that the chromosome
number of L．radiata is very variable from 2n= 15；
22；25 to 2n=32，and it also consists of m chromo—
somes(with median of submedian c0nstrictions)and
the chromosomes with satellite chromosomes．Be-
cause she can not explain the great variability on
the chromosome number of L．radiata，her opinion
did not gain sufficient attention at that time．
This present paper agrees with Mooked e a，A’
s opinion，believing that the chromosome number
and karyotype in L．radiata have great variability
among different population．W e think the origin of
the karyotype of Ma’anshan population(2n=24—
6m+8sm+6st+ 4t)，is the gene mutation by the
external environment or other reasons，in my opin—
ion numerous further resrearches and discussions
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32 广 西 植 物 24卷
are needed in the future．This paper can offer some
basic data for the karyotype’s evolution and its nfl—
ture in the genus Lycoris．
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