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中药茅莓化学成分研究



全 文 :广 西 植 物 Guihaia 23(3):282—284 2003年 5月
中药茅莓化学成分研究
谭明雄1,2,王恒山1,黎 霜0,陈 薇4
(1.广西师范大学化学化工系,广西桂林 541004;2.玉林师范学院化学与生物系,广西玉林 537000;
3.广西桂林市药品检验所,广西桂林 541004;4.广西工学院轻化系,广西柳州 545006)
摘 要:用溶剂提取和硅胶柱层析分离的方法,根据光谱分析鉴定中药茅莓的结构,分离并鉴定了 5个化合
物,分别为 p_谷甾醇(I)、蔷薇酸(Ⅱ)、2a,3a,19a,23一tetrahydroxy urs一12一en一28一oic acid(IlI)、p一葫萝 卜甙(IV)
和悬钩子皂甙(V),以上前四个化合物均为首次从该植物中分得。
关键词;茅莓;化学成分;三萜
中图分类号:Q946 文献标识码:A 文章编号;1000—3142(2003)03—0282—03
~ l‘ 一 l 0 ’ 0 ‘rid Studies On the chem icalconstitnents f om
the Chinese traditional medicine
Rubus parvifolius
TAN Ming—xiong1,2,WANG Heng—shan ,LI Shuang。,CHEN Wei4
(1.Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Guangxi Normal University,Guilin 541004,
China;2.Department of Chemistry and Biology,Yulin Normal colege,Yulin 537000,China;
3.Guilin Institute for Drug Control,Guilin 541004,China;4.Department of Light and
Chemical Engineering。Guangxi University of Technology,I iuzhou 545006,China)
Abstract;To study the chemical constituents in Rubus parvifolius,chromatography and spectral analyses were
used to isolate the constituents and elucidate of their structure.Five compounds were isolated and identified
as:~-sitosterol(I);euscaphic acid(II);2a,3a,19a,23一tetrahydroxyurS_12一en一28一oic acid(Ⅲ);daucosteorl
(IV);suavissimoside Rx(V).The former four compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.
Key words:Rubus parvifolius;constituents;triterpenoids
茅莓(Rubus parvifolius L.)为蔷薇科(Rosa—
ceae)悬钩子属植物,落叶小灌木,生于山坡、路旁荒
地、灌丛和草丛中,适应性强,资源十分丰富,分布于
河北、山西、陕西、四川以及中南和华东各省(中国植
物志委员会,1985)。茅莓根、茎、叶及全草均可药
用,具有清热凉血、散结止痛、利尿消肿等功效,常用
于治疗肠炎、肝脾肿大、黄疸、慢性肝炎、跌打肿痛、
风湿骨痛、泌尿系统感染等(江苏新医学院,1997)。
药理实验表明,茅莓的水提物具有止血和活血化瘀
作用(朱志华等,1990),并且与已成功用于治疗冠心
病、心绞痛等多种心血管疾病的活血化瘀药物丹参
的药理作用相同。但是关于茅莓化学成分的研究目
前从该植物中只分出了 2个三萜化合物(王先荣等,
1994)。为了探索该植物的有效成分,进一步挖掘其
药用潜能,更好地利用我区这一丰富资源,我们对
茅莓的化学成分进行了研究,从其根部乙醇提取物
中乙酸乙酯部位分离得到 5个单体化合物,3个是
三萜化合物,结构鉴定为:p一谷甾醇(工)、蔷薇酸
收稿日期:2002—07-12 修订日期:2002-10-28
基金项目:广西自然科学基金资助(桂科 自0146008);广西师范大学科研资金资助
作者简介:谭明雄(1968一),女,广西玉林人,硕士,从事天然产物研究与教学工作。
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3期 谭明雄等:中药茅莓化学成分研究 283
(1I)、2a,3u,19u,23一tetrahydroxy urs一12一en-28一oic
acid(Ⅲ)、8一葫萝 卜甙(1V)和悬钩子皂甙(V),以上
前四个化合物均为首次从该植物中分得。
1 仪器与材料
x4型微量熔点测定仪(未校正),Perkin—Elmer
983G型 IR光谱 仪,VG20—253质谱 仪,Varian—
INOVA5O0MHz超导核磁共振波谱仪,薄层层析硅
胶 G、GF254和柱层析硅胶(100~200目)均为浙江
雁荡山试剂厂产品。植物于2001年 1O月采自广西
玉林市郊,经玉林师范学院化生系蒋波副教授鉴定
为茅莓(Rubus parvifolius L)。
2 提取与分离
干燥的茅莓根 2 kg,粉碎成粗粉,95 乙醇回
流提取 3次,合并提取液,减压蒸除溶剂后得到浸膏
169 g。将浸膏分散于一定量热水中,振摇,使其悬
浮于水中,依次用 60~90。C石油醚、乙酸乙酯、水饱
和正丁醇萃取,乙酸乙酯萃取物经硅胶(100~200
目)柱层析分离,用氯仿 :甲醇(20:1,10:1,5:1,
1:1)梯度洗脱,每 200 mL为一流份,共收集 63
份。TLC薄层检测后,合并相同部分,其中 Frl1乙
醇重结晶得白色针状晶体(I),Frl2一Fr38合并为
A,Fr47~Fr51合并为B;Fr52一Fr60合并为 C。
将 A再经反复硅胶柱层析分离,氯仿 :甲醇
(20:1~1:1)梯度洗脱得化合物Ⅱ,B经石油醚 :
丙酮(5:1~1:1)洗脱,反复硅胶柱层析分离,得化
合物Ⅲ,C经硅胶柱层析分离,氯仿 :甲醇(20:1~
1:1)梯度洗脱,得化合物Ⅳ和V。
3 结构鉴定
化合物 I:白色针状结晶(乙醇重结晶),mp:
14O~142℃。Libermann-Burchard反应呈阳性,薄
层层析氯仿:石油醚(1:1)检查为单一斑点,Rf值
为0.58,与B一谷甾醇文献值比较Rf值相符。IR 『3
cm :3426,2936,1464,1O56; HNMR(CDC13)占:0.
68(3H,s,18一CH3),1.01(3H,s,19-CH3),0.92
(3H,d,J一 6.5Hz,21一CH ),0.84(3H,d,J一 8
Hz,29一CH3),0.83(3H,d,J一5.5Hz,26一CH3),0.
81(3H,d,J一7.0 Hz,27一CH3),3.52(brs,1H,3一
H),5.53(brs,1 H,6一H)。该化 合 物¨CNMR
(CDC1 )数据(表 1),上述波谱数据与文献(Kojima
等,1990)报道的p一谷甾醇的数据吻合,所以鉴定该
化合物为B一谷甾醇(t3一sitostero1)。
化合物 Ⅱ:白色针状结晶,mp:271~272℃,
Libermann—Burchard反应 呈 阳性。在紫 外灯下
(254 nm)元荧光斑点,5 9,6硫酸一乙醇溶液显蓝色。
FAB-MS:m/z 459[M 一2×H O+Li],m/z 413
[M 一HCOOH一2× H O+ Li],m/z 397[M 一
HC0OH一3X H20+Li]; CNMR(CDCl3+DMSO—
d )数据(表 1);DEPT显示:分子中存在7个甲基,8
个亚甲基,7个次甲基和 8个季碳; HNMR(CDC1s
+DMSO—d )占:0.88(3H,d,J一6.5Hz),5.28(1H,
brs,H一12),3.9(H一2,ddd,J一11.5Hz,),3.3(H一3,
d)。所以推测该结构为 2a,3u,19a—trihydroxy Llrs一
12一en一28一oic acid,与文献(Takashi等,1984)报道的
化合物蔷薇酸(euscaphic acid)波谱数据吻合。结构
见图 1。
化合 物 Ⅲ:白色粉 末,Libermann—Burchard,
Molish反应均为阳性,在紫外灯下(254 nm)元荧光
斑点,5 硫酸一乙醇溶液显蓝 色。IR ‘ cm~:
3428,2935,1690,1044;FAB—MS:m/z 527[M +
Na],m/z 469[M 一2×H O+Na],m/z 409[M 一
HCO0H+H];¨CNMR(CDC13+DMSO—d )数据
(表 1);DEPT显示:分子中存在 6个甲基,9个亚甲
基,7个次甲基和 8个季碳; HNMR(CDC1。+DM—
SO —d6)占:o.74,o.77,1.02,1.19,1.28(each 3H,s,
H-26,H-24,H-25,H-27,H-29),0.92(3H,d,J一
6Hz,H一30),2.6(1H,brs,H一18),3.39,3.51(each
1H,d,J一 11 Hz,H一23).5.34(1H,brs,H一12),3.
86(1H,ddd,J一 10.6,4.5,3 Hz,H一2),3.65(1H,
d,J=3 Hz,H一3)。所以推测该结构为 2 0【,3u,19u,
23一tetrahydroxy urs一12一en一28一oic acid,与 文 献
(Takashi等,1984)报道 的化合物 2a,3u,19u,23一
tetrahydroxy LlrS一12一en一28一oic acid波谱数据吻合。
结构见图1。
化合物Ⅳ:白色粉末,Libermann—Burchard反
应呈阳性,浓硫酸一a萘酚反应呈紫红色,在紫外灯
下(254 nm)元荧光斑点,5 9,6硫酸一乙醇溶液显红
色,以 5 H SO 水 解,水 溶 液 检 出 葡 萄
糖。 HNMR(CDC13+DMSO-d6)占:5.35(1H,glc,
1’一H),3.8—4.30(6H,glc,2’一6’H),1.0(3H,s,19一
H),0.92(d,J=6.5Hz,2卜H),0.87(d,J一 7Hz,
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284 广 西 植 物 23卷
26一H),0.85(3H,t,J一7,29一H),0.82(3H,d,J一
6.5Hz,27一H),0.64(3H,s,18一H);¨ CNMR(CDC1
+DMS~d )数据(表 1),对照文献(Takashi等,
1990)报道的p一葫萝 卜甙波谱数据,鉴定该化合物为
表 1 化合物的13CNMR数据
Table 1 13 CNMR data of compounds
I HI V I IlI V
⋯ ‘ 8 DEPT 8 DEPT 8 DEPT ⋯ ’ 8 DEPT 8 DEPT 8 DEPT
1 41.2 CHZ 41.2 CHZ 47.3 CHZ 19 72.O C 72.7 C 72.6 C
2 65.2 CHZ 65.8 CH 67.1 CH 2O 4O.9 CH 42.O CH 41.2 CH
3 78.O CH 77.8 CH 77.6 CH 21 27.7 CHz 26.9 CHz 25.8 CHz
4 37.6 CHZ 41.0 C 53.0 C 22 37.O CHz 37.2 CHz 36.5 CHz
5 46.8 C 46.5 CH 50.9 CH 23 28.2 CH3 70.5 CHz 178.1 C
6 21.5 CH 17.6 CHZ 2O.2 CHZ 24 23.0 CH3 16.3 CH3 13.7 CH3
7 32.1 CHZ 32.4 CHZ 32.1 CHZ 25 15.8 CH3 17.0 CH3 16.7 CH3
8 39.O CH 40.8 C 39.0 C 26 16.3 CH3 16.5 CH3 16.8 CH3
9 47.3 CH 47.O CH 47.O CH 27 25.6 CH3 25.2 CH3 23.8 CH3
1O 37.6 C 37.6 C 37.4 C 28 179.5 C 18O.O C 175.5 C
11 24.0 CHz 23.3 CHz 23.2 CHz 29 27.7 CH3 27.3 CH3 26.4 CH3
l2 127.3 CH2 l28.1 CH 126.8 CH 3O l5.8 CH3 15.9 CH3 16
. 3 CH3
13 138.1 C 138.1 C 138.1 C 1’ 94.O CH
14 40.0 CH 40.9 C 42.4 C 2’ 76.7 CH
15 29.O CHz 28.3 CHz 28.0 CHz 3’ 79
. O CH
16 26.4 CHz 25.8 CHz 25.0 CHz 4’ 67
. 1 CH
17 46.8 C 46.0 C 47.O C 5’ 72.2 CH
18 52.7 CH 52.8 CH 53.1 CH 6’ 6O.6 CHz
R
COOR2
图 1 化合物结构
Fig.1 Structures of compounds
Ⅱ:Rl=H;R2=H;II:R1=OH;R2=HI
V:Rl=COOH;R2=glc.
13一葫萝 卜甙(daucosteor1)。
化合物 V:白色针状结 晶,Libermann—Bur—
chard,Molish反应均为阳性,在紫外灯下(254 rim)
无荧光斑点,5 硫酸~乙醇溶液显蓝色,薄层水解
产生糖与标准品葡萄糖 Rf值一致。IR a cm- :
3412,2930,1729,1076;FAB—MS:m/z 519[M+一
glc+HI,m/z 502[M+一glc—H2 O+HI,m/z 455
[M -gle—HCOOH—H O+HI,m/z 201,185,A系
列离子碎片;(CDCI +DMSO—d )数据 (表 1);
DEPT显示:甙元分子中存在 6个 甲基,8个亚甲
基,7个次甲基和 9个季碳; HNMR(CDC1 +DM—
SO—d6)8:5.24(1H,dd,glc,1’一H),3.8—4.45(6H,
glc,2 6’H),5.2(1H,t,H~12),0.64,0.92,0.96,
1.09,1.28(each 3H,s,H一26,H一24,H一25,H一27,H一
29),0.84(3H,d,J一 7Hz,H一30),2.5(1H,brs,H一
18),4.60(1H,dd,J一 10.5,4.5 Hz,H一2),3.07
(1H,d,J一10 Hz,H一3)。所以推测该结构为 28一p—
glucopyranosyl ester of 2a,36,1 9a—trihydroxy urs一
12一an一23,28一dioic acid,与文献(Feng等,1985)报道
的化合物 28一p_glucopyranosyl ester of 2a,3l3,19a—
trihydroxy urs一12一an一23,28一dioic acid波谱数据吻
合。结构见图 1。
致谢 核磁共振谱、质谱由中山大学分析测试
中心测定。
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27O 广 西 植 物 23卷
flow in the respiratory action,which is in conform
with the reinforcing of respiratory action and respi—
ration can help the formation of phellogen around
the wound.The quick wound healing of the plant
can separate the healthy organization from the in—
fectious parts so as to prevent infection spreading.
The reinforcing of ascorbic acid oxidase activity is a
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stronger disease resistance.From the above exper—
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from the field observation,it was known that L.
grandispicum Y.J.Fei do not have infectious sta—
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3 Discussion
The study reveals that L.grandispicum Y.J.
Fei is highly resistant to aging and disease
. The
paper presented the preliminary study on L.gran—
dispicum Y.J.Fei,but there are more issues wait—
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urement of malondialdehyde content,only a certain
time of malondialdehyde content was measured.In
fact,for further study of degree of its resistance to
aging,the malondialdehyde content should meas—
ured serially.M oreover,the extraction analysis of
its isodynamic enzyme and DNA are still waiting
for further studies.
In general,the preliminary study indicated that
L.grandispicum Y.J.Fei is a sort of new germ—
plasm resources.If the fine gene of L.grandispi—
cum Y.J.Fei is transferred to wheat by the applica—
tion of cell engineering,Chromosomal engineering
and gene engineering,a genetic improvement of
wheat is foreseeable.
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