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作 者 ：吴文革,杨联松,苏泽胜,张玉海,白一松,赵决建,胡根生,方文杰.

期 刊 ：中国生态农业学报 2008年 16卷 5期 页码：1083-1089

关键词：杂交中籼水稻；施氮量；产量构成；群体质量；氮肥农学利用率；

Keywords:Mid-season indica hybrid rice, Nitrogen fertilizer application rate, Yield construction, Population quality, Agronomic nitrogen utilization efficiency,

摘 要 ：以超高产中籼杂交水稻“皖稻153”为材料, 在大田条件下,比较了不同施氮量对杂交中籼水稻群体质量、氮肥利用和产量形成的影响。结果表明,150 kg(N)·hm^-2、187.5 kg(N)·hm^-2、225.0 kg(N)·hm^-2、262.5 kg(N)·hm^-2和300.0 kg(N)·hm^-2等5种施氮量下杂交中籼稻产量差异显著, 在150～262.5 kg(N)·hm^-2范围内,产量随施氮量增加而增加,以262.5 kg·hm^-2施氮处理的产量最高(11 355 kg·hm^-2),施氮量增加到300.0 kg(N)·hm^-2产量下降。不同施氮处理间产量差异主要是因为群体颖花量的差异,施氮量与群体颖花量呈极显著正相关(r=0.963 5^**)。施氮量明显影响群体质量,适宜施氮量(262.5 kg·hm^-2)能保证杂交中籼水稻达到较高的叶面积指数(LAI)和粒叶比,在抽穗期维持较高的叶片干物质分配比例和单茎叶片重,有利于后期植株光合能力的提高和光合产物的积累,使后期物质积累的贡献率提高，从而增加产量。适宜施氮量(262.5 kg·hm^-2)的氮肥农学利用率也最高。推荐江淮稻区杂交中籼稻超高产栽培的适宜施氮量为 262.5 kg·hm^-2

Abstract:The effects of nitrogen application on the population quality, grain yield construction and utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in mid-season indica hybrid rice “Wandao153” were investigated under field conditions. Five nitrogen treatments were set at 0 kg(N)·hm^-2,150.0 kg(N)·hm^-2,187.5 kg(N)·hm^-2,225.0 kg(N)·hm^-2,262.5 kg(N)·hm^-2and 300.0 kg(N)·hm^-2 respectively. The results show that the rate of nitrogen fertilizer application has a significant effect on grain yield. Between 0 ～ 300 kg(N)·hm^-2 nitrogen fertilization, indica hybrid rice yield initially increases to its maximum at 262.5 kg(N)·hm^-2, and then drastically decreases at 300 kg(N)·hm^-2. Relation between N application rate and grain yield follows a uni-peak curve, peaking at 11 355 kg·hm^-2grain yield of 262.5 kg(N)·hm^-2, with the most apparent yield-increasing effect at 150～225 kg(N)·hm^-2. The important factor for yield difference with different N application rates is variations in the number of spikelet which has a significant direct correlation with N application rate (r = 0.963 5^**). Nitrogen fertilizer application markedly affects the population quality of indica hybrid rice. Appropriate N application rate enhances LAI and grain-leaf area ratio of mid-season indica hybrid rice, and also maintains higher rates of leaf dry-matter and blade weight per shoot at heading stage. This is conducive for increasing plant photosynthetic capability and dry-matter accumulation at the late stage, apparently enhancing conversion rate of dry-matter after heading, while keeping plants from early senescence and increasing lodging resistance at the late stage with high agronomic nitrogen utilization efficiency. The recommended amount of applied N for mid-season indica hybrid rice (for a super-high yield) in Jianghuai Region is 262.5 kg(N)·hm^-2.

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