---

作 者 ：吴发启,刘海斌,孙宝胜,周正立,王 健.

期 刊 ：中国生态农业学报 2008年 16卷 4期 页码：1005-1010

关键词：黄土高原；农果复合系统；能流；人工辅助能；能量产投比；生态农业；

Keywords:Loess Plateau, Agro-fruit-ecosystem, Energy flow, Artificial supplementary energy, Input-output ratio, Ecological agriculture,

摘 要 ：以黄土高原中南部延安市宝塔区飞马河村、南沟村和淳化县西坡村为对象，研究了农果复合系统的能流特征。研究结果表明：农业、果业、畜牧业、人类子系统和复合系统能量产投比分别为3.58、1.86、3.17、0.41和1.17；人类子系统是复合系统中最大的耗能系统，年平均净消耗能量1 281×10¹⁰ J；农业子系统年均提供经济产品（粮食和饲料）能量347×10¹⁰ J，其中系统内部利用97%，系统外市场销售3%；果业子系统年均提供经济产品（果品）能量414×10¹⁰ J，其中系统内部利用45%，系统外市场销售55%；畜牧业子系统年均产能538×10¹⁰ J，占系统产能总量的14%。从能量流动角度看，黄土高原农果复合系统是一个在市场支持下的以畜牧业为纽带的自给型农业、商品型果业的初级生态农业系统。复合系统产业结构调整应遵循“稳定农业、发展畜牧业和强化果业”的发展方针。

Abstract:We examined energy flow in the agro-fruit ecosystem in the south central part of the Loess Plateau of Shaanxi Province, at Feimahe and Nangou Villages of Baota District of Yan’an Municipality, and Xipo Village of Chunhua County. The results show that energy output-input ratio of the agro-subsystem is 3.58 compared to 1.86 for the fruit-subsystem; 3.17 for livestock-subsystem, 0.41 for human subsystem and 1.17 for the whole ecosystem. Among the subsystems, net energy use is highest (1.281×10¹³ J per village per year) in the human subsystem. Energy output of economic products (food grain and fodder) in the agro-subsystem is 3.47×10¹² J per year. Of this energy, 97% is used within the ecosystem and only 3% is marketed out. Fruit energy output for the fruit-subsystem is 4.14×10¹² J per year, of which 45% is used in the ecosystem and 55% marketed out. Annual energy output of the livestock-subsystem is 5.38×10¹² J, which constitutes 14% of total energy output in the ecosystem. In summary therefore, the energy analysis shows that the agro-fruit ecosystem is a developing agricultural ecosystem that includes food production for local consumption, and a market-oriented fruit industry linked with livestock-subsystem and supported by market forces. The industrial structures of the ecosystem need adjustment for higher productivity and better sustainability by stabilizing agricultural production, developing livestock industry and intensifying fruit production.

---