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作 者 ：丁怀香,宇万太.

期 刊 ：中国生态农业学报 2008年 16卷 4期 页码：824-829

关键词：潮棕壤；长期定位施肥；化肥；循环猪圈肥；无机磷；有效磷；

Keywords:Aquic brown-soil, Long-term fertilization, Chemical fertilizer, Circulated pig manure, Inorganic phosphorus (Pi), Available phosphorus,

摘 要 ：为提高磷肥利用效率、维持并提高土壤供磷力,在潮棕壤上进行了15年的定位施肥试验，试验处理涵盖了中国典型的8种施肥模式：不施肥(CK)、施循环猪圈肥(M)、单施氮肥(N)、施氮肥+循环猪圈肥(N+M)、施氮磷肥(NP)、施氮磷肥+循环猪圈肥(NP+ M)、施氮磷钾肥(NPK）、施氮磷钾肥+循环猪圈肥(NPK+M)，对不同施肥模式下耕层(0～20 cm)土壤无机磷进行了分级测定。研究表明：有效或缓效态无机磷(Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P、Al-P、Fe-P)含量在无化学磷肥直接投入的情况下均有不同幅度的下降，导致土壤无机磷库亏损；在有化学磷肥直接投入的情况下这些形态的无机磷不但能满足当季作物需求还有盈余，且以NP+M处理盈余最多，丰富了土壤无机磷库。各处理O-P、Ca₁₀-P形态的无机磷均有所增加，且其中部分可由盈余的有效磷素缓慢转化而来。循环猪圈肥（M）的施用能减缓各形态无机磷含量的下降；氮肥和钾肥均能极大促进植物对磷素的吸收，加速土壤磷库亏损。NP+M施肥模式最有利于短期提高土壤供磷力，促进土壤供磷力发展。本研究还发现，有效或缓效态无机磷(Ca₂-P、Ca₈-P、Al-P、Fe-P)与有效磷相关性很好，这进一步完善了土壤供磷力的指标体系。

Abstract:In order to enhance the utilization ratio of P fertilizer and to improve supply capacity of soil phosphorus, a 15-year trial of 8 classical modes of fertilization, CK (non fertilization), M (circulated pig manure fertilization), N (nitrogen fertilization), N+M, NP (nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization), NP+M, NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilization) and NPK+M, was conducted in aquic brown soils. Inorganic phosphorus (Pi) content in 0～20 cm soil layer was then investigated. The results show rapid or slow decreases in soil available P_i, (Ca₂-P, Ca₈-P, Al-P and Fe-P) under no chemical phosphorus fertilization, resulting in soil P_i pool deficit. It is, however, the contrary under chemical phosphorus fertilization, especially for NP+M treatment. This is because chemical phosphorus fertilizer not only meet plant growth requirement, but also enriches soil P_i pool. In the short run, NP+M treatment has the most favorable conditions for improving supply capacity of soil phosphorus. Though O-P and Ca¹⁰-P are not available to plants, they both increase yearly, part of them are from the transformation of excess P_i(Ca₂-P,Ca₈-P,Al-P and Fe-P). Circulated pig manure slows down reduction of the different forms of P_i, while nitrogen and potassium fertilizers accelerate plant absorption of phosphorus, leading to soil phosphorus pool deficit. The relationship between available phosphorus and Ca₂-P, Ca₈-P, Al-P, Fe-P is significant, providing more indexes for soil phosphorus supply capacity evaluation.

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