The economic injury level caused by Tetranychus urticae at apple orchard A study on the economic injury level of plateau pika (Ochtona curzoniae) and its control index A PRELIMINARY STUDY ON THE ECONOMIC INJURY LEVEL AND ECONOMIC THRESHOLD OF BROWN PLANTHOPPER TO SEMILATE NONWAXY RICE A study of outbreak occurrence and economic threshold of downy mildew on Astragalus membranaceus