Modeling Responses of Leafy Spurge Dispersal to Control Strategies Preliminary studies on invasive model and outbreak mechanism of exotic species, Spartiona alterniflora Loisel. Problems of the size and numberof nature reserves Spatial chaos of metapopulation incurred by Allee effect,overcrowding effect and predation effect Theoretical framework of metapopulation and progress in application The study for predator-prey system with Allee effect exist on prey and apositic reaction exist on predator Cooperative evolution of a population with the Allee effect Using cellular automata to study patchy spread in a predator-prey system Allee effects of local populations and the synchrony of metapopulation