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作 者 ：江洪

期 刊 ：植物生态学报 1994年 18卷 3期 页码：209-218

关键词：云冷杉林；植物群落；DCA排序；环境解释；

Keywords:Spruce and Fir forest plant community, DCA ordination, TWINSPAN classification, Environmental inter,

摘 要 ：本文应用DCA排序的方法进行了四川西北部和甘肃南部云冷杉林的梯度分析，建立了植物群落梯度环境解释的数学模型和植物群落地理分布的数学模型。研究结果表明：影响川西北甘南云冷杉林植物群落地理分布的生态梯度中最显著并起主导作用的是温度梯度和水分梯度。在水分梯度上，大致有这样的植被序列，由较湿的藓类和杜鹃冷杉及云杉林，中生性的箭竹冷杉林和云杉林，偏旱的高山栎冷杉林和云杉林；处于恢复中期的桦木林的生境也偏旱，但一般不如高山栎林。冷杉林比云杉林更趋于阴湿的生境。 在温度梯度上，呈现出灌木云杉林—桦木林—落阔冷杉林—高山栎云杉林—箭竹云杉林—箭竹红桦林—高山栎冷杉林—藓类红桦林—藓类云杉林—箭竹冷杉林—藓类云冷杉林—藓类冷杉林—小叶章云杉林—杜鹃冷杉林的排序。基本特征是：川西北和甘南的云杉林的温度需求高于冷杉林。川西北云冷杉林与甘南云冷杉林在DCA排序轴上没有明显的区别。虽然川西北地区云冷杉林的海拔分布高于甘南地区，但是其纬度也低于甘南，故在温度条件上基本一致。在水分梯度上，川西北云冷杉林的湿度要稍大于甘南云冷杉林。利用植物地理分布的数学模型和有关的图、表，详细地分析了植物群落的空间分布，进行了环境解释，并找出了主导的环境因子。

Abstract:Based on the detrended correspendence analysis (DCA), and environmental interpretation mathematical models and 136 subalpine dark coniferous forest (spruce and fir are dominant species community samples collested from Northwest Sichuan an South Gansu, the main vegetation types and ecological gradients, and their quantitative relations with environmental factors of the region are given. The data from 40 meteorological stations in this region are used to get the multivarite regression for estimating the climatic information of various Spruce and Fir forests according to the longitude, latitude and altitude of each sample plot- It is shown by the analysis that the vegetation types of spruce and Fir forest and their distribution are mainly determined by the thermal and moisture (including soil fertility) gradients. In moisture gradients, Moss-Abies, Moss-Picea, Rhododendron-Abies and Rhododendron-Picea forests are dominating moist habitat, Sinarundinar-Abies, Sinarundinar-Picea forest in mesotrophic habitat Quercus-Abies and Quercus-Picea are predominant in drier habitat. In thermal gradients, from warm to cold, the vegetation types are Shrub-Picea forest Betula forest--Deciduous broad-leaved forest—Quercus-Picea forest—Sinarundinar-Picea forest—Sinarundinar-Betula forest—Quercus-Abies forest—Moss-Betula forest—Moss-Picea forest—Sinarundinar-Abies forest—Moss-Picea-Abies forest--Moss-Abies forest—Calamagrostis-Picea forest—Rhododendron-Abies forest. The thermal demand of Picea is higher than that of Abies. The moisture demand of Picea-Abies forest in Northwest Sichuan is higher than that in South Gansu.The analysis of spatial distribution of plant communities, key environmental factors and environmental interpretation by mathematical models and are presented in this paper.

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