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作 者 ：邓瑞文

期 刊 ：植物生态学报 1985年 9卷 2期 页码：132-141

关键词：污染；

摘 要 ：木文是以兰州一个铝厂为中心，沿北面、西北面、东南面和南面四个方向设置十八个测点。采集空气样品235个，土壤样品127个，植物样品362个。这些样品的测定结果，说明空气和土壤的污染主要在2—4公里的半径范围内，下风向可能到达7.5公里。由于植物从空气中吸收氟，并加以积累，使叶片含量达数百ppm，最高达2534ppm，构成氟的伤害。这种伤害最早(5月间)出现在离铝厂最近测点的桃树(Prunus persica)、杏树(P．armeniaca)上，以后逐渐扩大到稍远的其他地方和别的植物，使葱、蒜失去食用价值，小麦发育不良，叶面积缩小，有效分蘖下降，穗长缩短，小穗数减少，千粒重从50.1克下降为37.6克，造成粮食减产。根据铝厂周围地区植物、土壤和空气氟的污染程度，可分为四种类型：清洁区、轻污染区、污染区和重污染区。

Abstract:Fluorides pollution in the region around the Aluminium-smeltery in Lanzhou has been studied and described. The results showed that fluorides pollution in the air had caused contamination of soil and plants. Air, soil and plants were polluted within a radius of 4000 to 7500 meters from the emission source, visible symptoms were produced in the plants. The normal growth of various plants was inhibited. In the sensitive species, for example apricot (Prunus persica) and peach (P. armeniaca) the fruits dropped early and had poor quality, and the yield was decreased. Wheat grew and developed poorly. Scallion and garlic bulbs had lost much of their food value.The results of fluorides content showed that the fluorides concentrations were different in various parts of plants. The fluorides concentrations in leaves were the highest. Fluorides concentrations in plants, soil and airborne particles decreased with increase of distance from the emission source. Damages to plants were intensified with the increase of fluorides contents. For this reason, the fluorides contents and damages of plants are concrete indications of the degrees or ranges of pollution (as indicators of air pollution). Thus the region around the Aluminium-smeltery may be divided into four areas according to pollution: clean area, lightly polluted area, polluted area and heavily polluted area.These conclusions are based on the determinations of 235 samples of air, 127 samples of soil and 362 samples of plants collected at 18 measurement points established around the alminium smeltery in its north, northeast, southeast and south within a radius of 2–4km with the radius in the leeward direction increased to 7.5km,

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