转Bt 基因抗虫棉（Gossypium spp.）是目前国内释放面积最大的转基因作物，其生态风险问题从一开始就受到密切的关注。从生态风险评价的角度，分转基因棉花中Bt 杀虫蛋白的时空表达及其对害虫的控制效果、Bt 基因通过花粉传播而扩散的风险、害虫对Bt 棉花抗性的进化风险、Bt 棉花对非目标生物体影响的风险等几个方面，综述了Bt 棉安全性评价的最新研究进展，为生物安全管理提供咨询意见，并提出了目前针对Bt 棉亟待研究的内容。期望本文能够为推动生物安全的研究和生物技术的发展做出一定的贡献。
Abstract The transgenic cotton (Gossypium spp.) expressing insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis has been commercialized for production in China since 1997, and has a big release area in the field. The ecological risks have been studied from the beginning. This paper tries to review the advances of the research that focused on the ecological risks assessments of the transgenic cotton, which include the expression of Bt proteins and its efficacy on targeted insect pests, the escape of Bt transgenes, the risk of resistance evolution of the insect pests, and the effects on non-target organisms. The main objective of this article is to contribute to the development of biotechnology and biosafety studies in China. We propose a number of biosafety regulations that could be adopted and possible areas related to the ecological risks of Bt cotton that require further research.