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Sex ratio adjustment of a non-pollinating fig wasp species on Ficus semicordata in Xishuangbanna.

西双版纳鸡嗉果榕内一种非传粉小蜂的性比调节


对西双版纳广泛分布的鸡嗉果榕(Ficus semicordata)雄树上寄生的一种非传粉榕小蜂Apocryptophagus sp.进行控制梯度放蜂实验,结合产卵行为、交配行为观察,定量研究了该种非传粉榕小蜂的性比率.结果表明: Apocryptophagus sp.雌蜂在传粉榕小蜂(Ceratosolen gravelyi)产卵后的第3天开始访问榕果,从果外完成产卵,产卵时间持续2 d左右.发育成熟以后,其雄蜂几乎与传粉榕小蜂雄蜂同时羽化,雄蜂咬开寄生有其雌蜂的瘿花并进行交配,雌蜂交配后从瘿花内羽化出来离开榕果,去寻找新的处于接受期的榕果,而雄蜂一直留在其寄生的榕果内直至死亡.后代性比与局域配偶竞争理论预测一致:性比偏雌,随着在同一榕果产卵的繁殖雌蜂数量的增加,后代性比上升;同时,单个榕果内的后代数量也上升,而平均后代数量却显著下降.在个体水平上,当1头雌蜂在榕果上产卵时,后代性比与后代数量呈显著的负相关关系.

Through controlling the number of ovipositing foundresses inside a fig, and combining with the observation of ovipositing behavior and mating behavior, this paper studied the sex ratio of Apocryptophagussp., a species of nonpollinating fig wasps hosted on Ficus semicordata in Xishuangbanna. The results showed that female Apocryptophagussp. started to visit the fig on the 3rd day after pollinator Ceratosolen gravelyi oviposited. Apocryptaphagus sp. oviposited on the outside of the fig, and the ovipositing lasted for 2 days. Male Apocryptophagus sp. emerged at the same time with pollinators. The males opened a small hole on the wall of gall where the females developed, and mated with the females. Mated females emerged from their development fig, and left for a new receptive fig. The sex ratio of Apocryptaphagus sp. was in agreement with local mate competition theory, i.e., it was female-biased. Meanwhile, the total number of offspring increased with increasing foundress number. In contrast, the average number of offspring per foundress decreased. At individual level, when a female laid eggs inside a fig, the sex ratio of offspring correlated negatively with the number of offspring.