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作 者 ：曾希柏^1,2;孙楠³;高菊生³;李莲芳^1,2;王伯仁³;白玲玉^1,2

期 刊 ：应用生态学报 2008年 19卷 05期 页码：1033-1039

关键词：稻；

摘 要 ：利用田间试验方法,研究了红壤区双季稻田改为稻-稻-紫云英、牧草、水旱轮作和
旱作4种种植模式对土壤剖面构型及耕层土壤性质的影响.结果表明: 与试验前相比,旱作种
植模式下,耕作层厚度增加了4 cm、犁底层厚度减少了2 cm、湿筛>2 mm粒级团粒含量提高
了6.94%、湿筛法平均质量粒径增加了0.37 mm、水稳性结构商是试验前的1.78倍,腐殖
酸碳和富里酸碳含量分别提高了0.15和0.49 g·kg^-1;水旱轮作种植模式下,土壤水
稳性结构商较高(95.86)、养分含量变幅小;稻-稻-紫云英种植模式下,除有机质含量(增
加1.3 g·kg^-1)和土壤水稳性结构商(降低8.82)变化较大外,其余指标变化不大;牧
草种植模式下,耕作层厚度增加2 cm、过渡层厚度增加9 cm、土壤水稳性结构商增加1.39,
而土壤有机质和全钾含量分别下降5.6和2.8 g·kg^-1,在所有处理中变化幅度最大.
表明在当前红壤地区对灌溉条件较差的双季稻田进行改制是可行的,建议优先考虑改成旱作
或水旱轮作,但无论在何种耕作方式下,均应注意土壤钾素的亏损问题.

Abstract:Field experiments were conducted on the double rice cropping paddy fie
ld in red soil area to evaluate the influence of cropping system innovation on s
oil profile form and related soil characteristics. Four cropping systems of rice-rice-Chinese Milkvetch (Astragalus sinicusLinn.), forage, paddy-upland
rotation, and upland were substituted for the double rice cropping system. The results indicated that compared with those under double rice cropping system, the thickness of cultivated horizon under upland cropping system increased by 4 cm, that of plow pan declined by 2 cm, >2 mm aggregates in wetsieved particle-size fractions increased by 6.94%, wetsieved meanmass diameter increased by 0.37 mm, contents of humic acid carbon and fulvic acid carbon increased by 0.15 and 0.49 g·kg^-1, respectively, and quotient of aggregates water stability was 0.78 times higher. Under paddy-upland rotation, the quotient of aggregates water stability was higher (95.86), while soil nutrient contents changed a little. Under rice-rice-Chinese Milkvetch system, soil organic matter content increased by 1.3 g·kg^-1, quotient of aggregates water stability declined by 8.82, but other parameters had less changes. Under forage system, the thickness of cultivated and transitional horizons increased by 2 cm and 9 cm, respectively, quotient of aggregates water stability increased by 1.39, while the contents of soil organic matter and total potassium decreased by 5.6 and 2.8 g·kg^-1, respectively. Among all test cropping systems, forage system had the greatest changes in soil characteristics. It was completely feasible to substitute the local double rice -cropping system for paddy-upland rotation or upland cropping, particularly in the areas where full irrigation was not available. However, attention should be paid to the decrease of soil potassium content when the cropping system innovation was practiced.

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