全 文 :中国农业科学 2013,46(16):3413-3423
Scientia Agricultura Sinica doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.16.012
收稿日期:2013-03-25;接受日期:2013-05-27
基金项目:科技部国际合作项目(2012DF30610)、农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项 (201203075-07)、“十二五”国家科技计划课题
(2011AA100205)、广东省科技计划项目(2012A020200016,2012B091100169)
联系方式:程春振,Tel:020-38765854;E-mail:ld0532cheng@126.com。通信作者钟云,E-mail:zhongyun99cn@163.com。通信作者钟广炎,E-mail:
gy_zhong@163.com
应用抑制性差减杂交技术筛选锦橙 CTV 应答基因
程春振1,2,曾继吾2,贝学军1,2,吴 波1,2,阳佳位3,张永艳1,2,姜 波2,朱世平1,闫树堂1,钟 云2,钟广炎2
(1西南大学园艺园林学院/柑橘研究所,重庆 400715;2广东省农业科学院果树研究所,广州 510640; 3四川省荣县经济作物站,四川自贡 643100)
摘要:【目的】探讨易感柑橘衰退病病毒(Citrus tristeza virus,CTV)品种锦橙 CTV 应答分子机理,筛
选和分析 CTV应答基因。【方法】以嫁接CTV 强毒株 TRL514 的锦橙阳性材料叶片为试验方(Tester),用嫁接无毒
枝条的 CTV 阴性锦橙叶片为驱动方(Driver),构建 CTV 侵染的锦橙的正向差减文库。【结果】随机挑选 850 个阳
性克隆测序,其中 742 条测序成功,去除载体片段和接头序列后得到有效 EST 692 条。将所有 EST 序列对应到柑
橘的预测基因组转录物,共涉及 137 个柑橘基因。应用 BLAST2GO 对这些特异性表达的基因进行功能归类和 KEGG
分析。结果表明,受 CTV 侵染的影响,锦橙能量代谢相关基因上调明显,与光合器官碳固定、氮代谢、淀粉和蔗
糖代谢等途径相关的 EST 出现频率较高。另外,与抗逆防御以及苯基丙氨酸合成、类苯基丙烷代谢、类胡萝卜素
合成等与植物防御素类物质合成密切相关的代谢途径相关基因较多。【结论】由于 CTV的侵染,CTV 易感品种锦橙
基础代谢改变明显,须通过增强能量代谢和提高自身防御能力来维持自身生长和发育。
关键词:柑橘;抑制性差减杂交技术;差异表达基因;CTV
Screening of ‘Jincheng’ Orange CTV Response Genes Using
Subtractive Suppression Hybridization
CHENG Chun-zhen1,2, ZENG Ji-wu2, BEI Xue-jun1,2, WU Bo1,2, YANG Jia-wei3, ZHANG Yong-yan1,2,
JIANG Bo2, ZHU Shi-ping1,YAN Shu-tang1, ZHONG Yun2, ZHONG Guang-yan2
(1College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture/Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715; 2Institute
of Fruit Tree Research, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640;3 Economic Crops Station, Agricultural
Bureau of Rongxian, Zigong 643100, Sichuan)
Abstract:【Objective】The objective of this study is to make clear the molecular mechanism and screen citrus tristeza virus
(CTV) response genes in CTV susceptive citrus species ‘Jincheng’ orange [Citrus sinensis (L) Osbeck].【Method】 A suppression
subtractive hybridization (SSH) library of ‘Jincheng’ orange was successfully constructed by using the virus-free leaves as Driver
and those infected with CTV as Tester. 【Result】After sequencing of the randomly picked 850 clones, 742 clones were successfully
sequenced and a total of 692 ESTs were obtained after Vectorscreen and adaptors deletion. All these ESTs were then matched to
citrus genome transcripts and a total of 137 genes were identified. BLAST2GO gene ontology and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of
Genes and Genomes) analysis results showed that the basic energy metabolisms of ‘Jincheng’ orange were significantly influenced
with differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involving in carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms, nitrogen metabolism, starch
and sucrose metabolism, etc. Moreover, DEGs largely involved in defense and resistance and some plant defensins synthesis related
pathways such as carotenoid biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, and phenylalanine metabolism. 【Conclusion】Results
generated in this study suggested that CTV susceptible species ‘Jincheng’ orange reacted severely to CTV infection to maintain its
growth and development by elevating energy metabolisms and enhancing the expression of stress resistance related genes.
Key words: citrus; suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH); differentially expressed genes (DEGs); CTV
3414 中 国 农 业 科 学 46卷
0 引言
【研究意义】由柑橘衰退病病毒(citrus tristeza
virus,CTV)引起的柑橘衰退病对世界柑橘产业危害
十分严重[1]。随着中国柑橘品种结构的调整,易感 CTV
的甜橙种植面积逐渐增加,其对柑橘产业的危害程度
也日趋严重,生产上迫切需要新的有效防控措施。通
过本研究,可以为柑橘抗 CTV研究提供候选基因,为
柑橘抗病育种奠定理论基础。【前人研究进展】柑橘
衰退病的防治目前以防为主,防治结合,其防治主要
是采用抗病或耐病砧木,或利用弱毒株系交叉保护法
(mild strain cross protection,MSCP)[2]。随着分子生
物学的发展,培育耐病或抗病的新品种、寻找抗性基
因并进行遗传改良,是近年来发展起来的新途径。【本
研究切入点】本试验从柑橘 CTV应答基因入手,利用
SSH 技术 [3]获得 CTV 侵染后的差异表达基因
(differentially expressed genes,DEGs),为系统研究
CTV 侵染机理和柑橘对 CTV 的应答机理积累基础资
料。【拟解决的关键问题】获得一些 CTV应答基因,
探讨CTV易感品种锦橙对CTV的抗逆防御反应机制。
1 材料与方法
1.1 材料及处理
两年生锦橙实生苗于 2009年 10月取自西南大学
柑橘研究所脱毒中心。将锦橙植株分成两组,一组嫁
接无毒北碚 447枝条的皮和芽,另一组嫁接带有 CTV
强毒株 TRL514的北碚 447枝条的皮和芽,每株嫁接
皮 3块,芽 1个。
所有植株均种植于西南大学柑橘研究所脱毒中心
(25±2)℃玻璃实验温室中。
1.2 CTV 的鉴定
用 Trizol法提取总 RNA后,应用M-MLV RTase
cDNA Synthesis Kit反转录试剂盒(TaKaRa)进行反
转录。以 CTV 特异性引物(上游引物序列为 :
5-TTAACGGGGTGACCAAGACG-3;下游引物序列
为: 5-TTCCAAACCAAACCGACACAG-3,目标片段
为 182 bp)进行 PCR,检测 CTV侵染情况。
1.3 文库构建
将接种 CTV 1—6个月并经 RT-PCR鉴定为 CTV
阳性和阴性(对照)样品总 RNA 等量分别混合,用
于文库构建,使用 Oligotex mRNA Mini Kit(QIAGEN)
分离 mRNA。文库构建以侵染了 CTV 的锦橙叶片
cDNA作为试验方(Tester),以嫁接无毒枝条皮和芽
的锦橙叶片 cDNA 作为驱动方(Driver),按照
PCR-SELECTTM cDNA Subtraction Kit(CLONTECH)
试剂盒说明书进行。第 2次 PCR产物采用 PCR产物
回收试剂盒(TaKaRa)纯化回收后连接到 pMD19-T
载体,经转化和蓝白斑筛选后进行菌液 PCR检测,挑
取 850个阳性克隆送至北京六合华大基因科技股份有
限公司进行测序。
1.4 分析方法
利用从 phytozome(http://www.phytozome.net/)
及华中农业大学甜橙基因组网站(http://citrus.hzau.edu.
cn/orange/)下载得到的克里曼丁和甜橙基因组转录本
序列建立本地 BLAST 核苷酸数据库,利用 BLAST+
程序将所有 EST(expressed sequence tag)序列对应到
克里曼丁或甜橙的预测基因组转录本。应用
BLAST2GO 软件以 E-value <1.0E-10作为比对标准进
行序列比对。以 E-value <1.0E-10作为标准进行基因聚
类分析,聚类分析包括生物学过程、分子功能和细胞
组分3个方面。功能注释完成后,继续利用BLAST2GO
软件进行 KEGG分析。
2 结果
2.1 cDNA 文库序列分析结果
随机挑取的 850个阳性克隆测序结果表明,所得
片段集中于 200—600 bp,742条测序成功的 EST去除
载体片段和接头序列后得到有效 EST 692条。将测序
得到的 EST序列与克里曼丁或甜橙基因组比对(在甜
橙基因组中被预测为基因,但在最新版本克里曼丁基
因组中未被预测成基因的序列比对到甜橙基因组),
共对应到 137个柑橘基因,应用 BLAST2GO对这 137
个差异表达的柑橘基因进行比对分析,有 133个基因
获得了基因注释,具体结果见表。
2.2 序列分析
将测序结果去除载体片段和接头序列后,应用
BLAST2GO进行序列分析,692条 EST与 137个已知
基因具有较高的同源性(表),这些 EST序列最长为
894 bp,最短为 170 bp。其中,编码凋亡相关蛋白和
叶绿体光系统Ⅰ反应中心Ⅳ亚基的 EST最多,分别有
为 35条和 33条。
基因功能归类结果表明,从生物学过程看,这些
基因主要涉及一些代谢过程、细胞学过程、逆境防御、
定位、细胞学组分构建、生物调控、发育过程、多细
胞有机体过程、繁殖、免疫系统过程以及信号传导等
过程;从分子功能看,主要涉及离子结合、核苷酸结
16期 程春振等:应用抑制性差减杂交技术筛选锦橙 CTV应答基因 3415
表 差异表达基因 BLAST2GO 结果
Table Results of the DGEs BLAST2GO searches
序列 ID
Sequence ID
序列功能
Sequence description
相关 ACC
Hit ACC
相似度
Similarity (%)
来源
Source
频次
Frequency
Ciclev10020515m 锌指蛋白 Zinc finger XP_002325360 78 三叶杨 Populus trichocarpa 3
Cs1g20230 过氧化物酶 2 Peroxidase 2 ACI03401 82 荔枝 Litchi chinensis 2
Ciclev10026719m 60s 核糖体蛋白 126 60s ribosomal protein l26 XP_002304321 97 三叶杨 Populus trichocarpa 10
Ciclev10009801m 阳离子运输调节蛋白类似蛋白 2类似蛋白
Cation transport regulator-like protein 2-like
XP_004164100 87 黄瓜 Cucumis sativus 10
Ciclev10008172m 三角状五抬重复序列结合蛋白 at2g15690类似蛋白
Pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein at2g15690-like
XP_002279824 77 葡萄 Vitis vinifera 1
Ciclev10001632m 钙网蛋白 Calreticulin ACQ91203 97 番木瓜 Carica papaya 2
Ciclev10001960m 莽草酸激酶类似蛋白 Shikimate kinase-like protein XP_004290317 69 草莓 Fragaria vesca subsp. vesca 1
Ciclev10001854m 推定的蛋白质 Hypothetical protein XP_002301062 87 三叶杨 Populus trichocarpa 8
Ciclev10001888m 膜联蛋白 d1 Annexin d1 XP_002302291 93 三叶杨 Populus trichocarpa 2
Ciclev10001371m 果胶乙酰酯酶 Pectinacetylesterase ACF05806 91 荔枝 Litchi chinensis 1
Ciclev10003615m 14-3-3蛋白 14-3-3 protein ACD69679 96 芒果 Mangifera indica 1
Ciclev10002297m 锌指蛋白 zat10类似蛋白 Zinc finger protein zat10-like XP_002285260 65 葡萄 Vitis vinifera 1
Ciclev10002743m 花粉特异性蛋白 c13类似蛋白
Pollen-specific protein c13-like
ABC86745 87 华东葡萄
Vitis pseudoreticulata
10
Ciclev10008864m 胞苷脱氨酶 Cytidine deaminase XP_002514140 77 蓖麻 Ricinus communis 2
Ciclev10026494m 未定义的 loc101201777 Uncharacterized loc101204777 XP_002515951 74 蓖麻 Ricinus communis 1
Ciclev10026722m 光系统 Ipsah蛋白 Photosystem Ipsah protein XP_002304206 95 三叶杨 Populus trichocarpa 6
Ciclev10015494m do-1蛋白酶类似蛋白 Protease do-1 like XP_002267510 76 葡萄 Vitis vinifera 7
Ciclev10015939m 碳酸酐酶 Carbonic anhydrase AEK25173 90 龙眼 Dimocarpus longan 9
Ciclev10031949m 儿茶酚氧甲基转移酶
Catechol O-methyltransferase
ABP94018 99 甜橙×红橘
Citrus sinensis×Citrus reticulata
1
Ciclev10005847m NADH脱氢酶 18 NADH dehydrogenase 18 CAN66763 74 葡萄 Vitis vinifera 11
Ciclev10013034m 铁氧还蛋白-硫氧还蛋白还原酶
Ferredoxin-thioredoxin reductase
XP_002280653 88 葡萄 Vitis vinifera 5
Ciclev10029551m 光系统Ⅱ反应中心 w蛋白
Photosystem Ⅱ reaction center w
XP_002282059 63 葡萄 Vitis vinifera 13
Ciclev10031846m 包含AP2 ERF 和B3 结构域的转录抑制因子 tem1类似
蛋白 AP2 ERF and B3 domain-containing transcription
repressor tem1-like
XP_002281709 86 葡萄 Vitis vinifera 1
Ciclev10032969m 泛素伸展蛋白 Ubiquitin extension protein XP_002297752 100 三叶杨 Populus trichocarpa 2
Ciclev10032973m MLP类似蛋白 423 MLP-like protein 423 EMJ28736 86 碧桃 Prunus persica 1
Ciclev10004143m 无活性丝氨酸、苏氨酸蛋白激酶 lvsg类似蛋白
Probable inactive serine threonine-protein kinase lvsg-like
EMJ28241 82 碧桃 Prunus persica 5
Ciclev10011491m 驱动蛋白类似蛋白 kif22类似蛋白
Kinesin-like protein kif22-like
XP_002270444 77 葡萄 Vitis vinifera 4
Ciclev10011320m 油脂类似蛋白 Lipin-like protein EMJ09565 67 碧桃 Prunus persica 5
Ciclev10011693m 氧甾醇结合蛋白 Oxysterol-binding protein EMJ08651 91 碧桃 Prunus persica 2
Ciclev10012291m 多聚泛素 Polyubiquitin EMJ12805 100 碧桃 Prunus persica 13
Ciclev10005574m 可溶性二酰甘油转酰酶
Soluble diacylglycerol acyltransferase
XP_002314335 72 三叶杨 Populus trichocarpa 10
Ciclev10005894m 保守的推定蛋白 Conserved hypothetical protein XP_002516831 68 蓖麻 Ricinus communis 6
Ciclev10005920m rRNA加工蛋白 fcf2类似蛋白
rRNA-processing protein fcf2-like
XP_004140538 84 黄瓜 Cucumis sativus 1
3416 中 国 农 业 科 学 46卷
续表 Continued table
序列 ID
Sequence ID
序列功能
Sequence description
相关 ACC
Hit ACC
相似度
Similarity (%)
来源
Source
频次
Frequency
Ciclev10017115m 40s核糖体蛋白 s17 40s ribosomal protein s17 XP_004140911 95 黄瓜 Cucumis sativus 1
Cs7g01170 未定义的线粒体蛋白 g0030
Uncharacterized mitochondrial protein g00030
XP_003588355 89 蒺藜苜蓿
Medicago truncatula
1
orange1.1t01309 RNA聚合酶 beta链 RNA polymerase beta chain YP_740466 99 甜橙 Citrus sinensis 1
Ciclev10002277m NAC结构域蛋白 ipr003441 NAC domain ipr003441 ABQ96643 100 甜橙 Citrus sinensis 9
Ciclev10003524m 非特异性脂质转移蛋白 1类似蛋白
Non-specific lipid-transfer protein 1-like
XP_004294730 59 草莓
Fragaria vesca subsp. vesca
18
Ciclev10007511m 包含三角状五抬重复序列蛋白
Pentatricopeptide repeat-containing protein
XP_002275298 83 葡萄
Vitis vinifera
1
Ciclev10007964m 可能的果胶酯酶抑制因子 54类似蛋白
Probable pectinesterase pectinesterase inhibitor 54-like
XP_002516196 80 蓖麻
Ricinus communis
3
Ciclev10008653m tify 10a 类似蛋白 Protein tify 10a-like ADI39634 64 橡胶树 Hevea brasiliensis 5
Ciclev10009567m 富含脯氨酸的蛋白质 Proline-rich protein XP_003549741 53 大豆 Glycine max 1
Ciclev10009915m 紫外线 B抑制蛋白 Ultraviolet-B-repressible protein BAK61860 99 温州蜜柑 Citrus unshiu 16
Ciclev10010416m 环状类固醇合成酶 Cycloartenol synthase EMJ26073 85 碧桃 Prunus persica 3
Ciclev10022499m 叶绿体核糖体再循环类似蛋白
Ribosome-recycling chloroplastic-like
ABK96574 72 三叶杨×美洲黑杨 Populus
trichocarpa × Populus deltoides
12
Ciclev10022571m 叶绿体类囊体膜磷蛋白 14类似蛋白
Thylakoid membrane phosphoprotein 14 chloroplastic-like
EMJ21619 89 碧桃
Prunus persica
2
Ciclev10022116m 叶绿体类囊体膜磷蛋白 14
Thylakoid membrane phosphoprotein 14 chloroplast
XP_002320843 88 三叶杨
Populus trichocarpa
2
Ciclev10022907m 普遍的逆境蛋白 a类似蛋白
Universal stress protein a-like protein
EMJ01577 92 碧桃
Prunus persica
3
Ciclev10022750m 叶绿体光系统 I反应中心 IV亚基
Photosystem I reaction center subunit IV chloroplastic-like
BAF80472 100 甜橙
Citrus sinensis
33
Ciclev10022841m 卡尔文循环蛋白 cp12类似蛋白
Calvin cycle protein cp12-like
XP_002320298 79 三叶杨
Populus trichocarpa
4
Ciclev10023029m at4g02380 t14p8_2 XP_004247410 69 番茄 Solanum lycopersicum 2
Ciclev10024455m 叶绿体光系统 II反应中心 w亚基
Photosystem II reaction center w chloroplastic-like
NP_001235636 82 大豆
Glycine max
1
Ciclev10017302m avr9/cf-9快速激活蛋白 65
avr9/cf-9 rapidly elicited protein 65
XP_002524419 54 蓖麻
Ricinus communis
11
Ciclev10009877m 前纤维蛋白 Profilin AAP15200 96 葎草 Humulus scandens 2
orange1.1t03332 包含 NBS的抗性蛋白类似蛋白
NBS-containing resistance-like protein
CAN70214 44 葡萄
Vitis vinifera
6
Ciclev10000833m YTH结构域家族蛋白 YTH domain family protein EMJ23995 77 碧桃 Prunus persica 1
Ciclev10011536m 甘油三磷酸转酰酶 6
Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 6
XP_002323563 95 三叶杨
Populus trichocarpa
4
Ciclev10011551m 果糖激酶类似蛋白 1 fructokinase-like protein 1 ADI87415 99 克里曼丁 Citrus clementina 1
Ciclev10011843m 乙醇胺磷酸胞苷酰转移酶
Ethanolamine-phosphate cytidylyltransferase
XP_002265169 92 葡萄
Vitis vinifera
1
Ciclev10012369m 叶绿素 a/b结合蛋白
Chlorophyll a/b binding protein chloroplastic-like
XP_002528105 95 蓖麻
Ricinus communis
1
Ciclev10012992m 包含硫氰酸酶类似结构域的蛋白
Rhodanese-like domain-containing protein chloroplastic-like
XP_002278312 85 葡萄
Vitis vinifera
1
Ciclev10012791m 延伸因子 p类似蛋白 Elongation factor p-like XP_002323670 74 三叶杨 Populus trichocarpa 1
Ciclev10013151m 脂质转移蛋白前体 Lipid transfer protein precursor CBW38498 78 向日葵 Helianthus annuus 8
16期 程春振等:应用抑制性差减杂交技术筛选锦橙 CTV应答基因 3417
续表 Continued table
序列 ID
Sequence ID
序列功能
Sequence description
相关 ACC
Hit ACC
相似度
Similarity (%)
来源
Source
频次
Frequency
Ciclev10013157m 40s核糖体蛋白 s28类似蛋白
40s ribosomal protein s28-like
XP_003520726 92 大豆
Glycine max
6
Ciclev10024587m 细胞色素 p450 71a1类似蛋白
Cytochrome p450 71a1-like
XP_004294175 66 草莓
Fragaria vesca subsp. vesca
2
Ciclev10011655m 脱落酸 8’羟化酶
Abscisic acid 8 -hydroxylase
AEX15511 98 甜橙
Citrus sinensis
8
Ciclev10013055m 核酮糖二磷酸羧化/加氧酶小亚基
Ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase small subunit
O22077 92 山毛榉
Fagus crenata
21
Ciclev10013162m 推定的蛋白质 PRUPE_ppa026503mg
hypothetical protein PRUPE_ppa026503mg
EMJ17904 83 碧桃
Prunus persica
14
Ciclev10013188m 非特异性脂质转移蛋白 2类似蛋白
Non-specific lipid-transfer protein 2-like
NP_001238401 88 大豆
Glycine max
20
Ciclev10001212m 天冬氨酸蛋白酶
Nepenthesin-1 Aspartic proteinase nepenthesin-1
XP_002513044 91 蓖麻
Ricinus communis
3
Ciclev10002698m 质体蓝素 Plastocyanin XP_002510603 89 蓖麻 Ricinus communis 22
Ciclev10002669m 50s核糖体蛋白 131 50s ribosomal protein l31 XP_002510420 84 蓖麻 Ricinus communis 1
Ciclev10012227m 金属离子结合蛋白 Metal ion binding XP_003521405 85 大豆 Glycine max 7
Ciclev10014238m 激酶相关蛋白 Kinase-related protein XP_002519742 76 蓖麻 Ricinus communis 6
Ciclev10016494m 过氧化物酶 42类似蛋白 Peroxidase 42-like AAD33072 95 烟草 Nicotiana tabacum 11
Ciclev10016438m 分泌性载体相关膜蛋白 3
Secretory carrier-associated membrane protein 3
ACU17661 89 大豆
Glycine max
7
Ciclev10016074m 集光蛋白叶绿素 a/b结合蛋白
Light harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein
XP_002519724 96 蓖麻
Ricinus communis
7
Ciclev10017331m 生长素抑制蛋白 Auxin-repressed protein ABL67651 100 柑橘杂种 Citrus hybrid cultivar 9
Ciclev10016074m 集光蛋白叶绿素 a/b结合蛋白
Light harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding protein
XP_002519724 96 蓖麻
Ricinus communis
7
Ciclev10027931m 环指蛋白 Ring finger protein XP_004290596 51 草莓 Fragaria vesca subsp. vesca 1
Ciclev10009194m 凝集素相关蛋白前体 Lectin-related protein precursor AAG38522 100 柑橘×葡萄柚 Citrus×paradisi 2
Ciclev10001954m 跨膜蛋白 184c类似蛋白
Transmembrane protein 184c-like
EMJ01007 84 碧桃
Prunus persica
2
Ciclev10020247m 表皮特异性分泌的糖蛋白 EP1类似蛋白
Epidermis-specific secreted glycoprotein EP1-like
XP_004294119 79 草莓
Fragaria vesca subsp. vesca
3
Ciclev10007410m MYB结构域蛋白 4r1 MYB domain protein 4r1 XP_002278062 72 葡萄 Vitis vinifera 5
Ciclev10024819m 亚油酸盐 13s脂氧合酶 3 Linoleate 13s-lipoxygenase 3 XP_002331196 89 三叶杨 Populus trichocarpa 1
Ciclev10005946m 21 kda蛋白质 21 kda protein XP_002510935 81 蓖麻 Ricinus communis 1
Ciclev10006048m 多重胁迫应答锌指蛋白
Multiple stress-responsive zinc-finger protein
ABL67658 100 柑橘杂种
Citrus hybrid cultivar
1
Ciclev10019097m 丝氨酸苏氨酸蛋白激酶 Serine threonine-protein kinase XP_002511393 63 蓖麻 Ricinus communis 7
Ciclev10019643m 包含 u-box的蛋白 38类似蛋白
u-box domain-containing protein 38-like
XP_002321563 78 三叶杨
Populus trichocarpa
1
Ciclev10023704m 叶绿体蛋白激酶类似蛋白
Protein kinase chloroplastic-like
XP_002277256 85 葡萄
Vitis vinifera
2
Ciclev10021317m 包含 btb poz和 taz结构域蛋白 1类似蛋白
btb poz and taz domain-containing protein 1-like
XP_002511276 89 蓖麻
Ricinus communis
4
Ciclev10021037m 甘油醛三磷酸脱氢酶
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase
AFX67011 97 马铃薯
Solanum tuberosum
1
Ciclev10018756m 双功能天冬氨酸激酶高丝氨酸脱氢酶 1
Bifunctional aspartokinase homoserine dehydrogenase 1
XP_003573799 78 二穗短柄草
Brachypodium distachyon
6
3418 中 国 农 业 科 学 46卷
续表 Continued table
序列 ID
Sequence ID
序列功能
Sequence description
相关 ACC
Hit ACC
相似度
Similarity (%)
来源
Source
频次
Frequency
Ciclev10024345m 锚蛋白重复序列包含蛋白
Ankyrin repeat-containing protein
XP_002517018 61 蓖麻
Ricinus communis
3
Ciclev10029386m 亲环蛋白 Cyclophilin ACX37092 100 甜橙 Citrus sinensis 1
Ciclev10007843m GRAS家族转录因子 GRAS family transcription factor EMJ15870 83 碧桃 Prunus persica 1
Ciclev10006124m 早期脱水应答蛋白 15类似蛋白
Protein early responsive to dehydration 15-like
XP_004303625 78 草莓
Fragaria vesca subsp. vesca
1
Ciclev10012654m 多聚泛素 Polyubiquitin XP_003541406 100 大豆 Glycine max 2
Ciclev10014502m 脂肪酰辅酶 A氧化酶 3 Acyl-CoA oxidase 3 AFQ93695 90 碧桃 Prunus persica 1
Ciclev10015634m 双折射毛状体类似蛋白 39
Protein trichome birefringence-like 39
XP_002325581 89 三叶杨
Populus trichocarpa
3
Ciclev10024300m E3泛素蛋白连接酶 lin-1类似蛋白
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase lin-1-like
CBI19874 79 葡萄
Vitis vinifera
1
Ciclev10017117m at1g70780 f5a18_4 XP_004150595 79 黄瓜 Cucumis sativus 1
Ciclev10017877m 可能的果糖二磷酸醛缩酶
Probable fructose-bisphosphate aldolase
XP_002282753 89 葡萄
Vitis vinifera
3
Ciclev10008520m 原叶绿素酸酯 Protochlorophyllide chloroplastic-like XP_002534245 94 蓖麻 Ricinus communis 2
Ciclev10012995m s-norcoclaurine合成酶类似蛋白
s-norcoclaurine synthase-like
NP_001237429 81 大豆
Glycine max
2
Ciclev10029177m 伽玛干扰素诱导的溶酶体硫醇还原酶
Gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase-like
XP_002313228 82 三叶杨
Populus trichocarpa
4
Ciclev10029464m 推定的核苷酸结合蛋白
Nucleic acid binding protein, putative
XP_002533110 73 蓖麻
Ricinus communis
7
Ciclev10029569m 40s核糖体蛋白 s15a-1类似蛋白
40s ribosomal protein s15a-1-like
NP_001238465 100 大豆
Glycine max
10
Ciclev10029640m 组蛋白 H4 Histone H4 XP_004294578 97 草莓 Fragaria vesca subsp. vesca 6
Ciclev10029803m 金属硫蛋白类似蛋白 Metallothionein-like protein BAA31561 100 粗柠檬 Citrus jambhiri 10
Ciclev10023063m 60s核糖体蛋白 137a 60s ribosomal protein l37a EMJ10963 100 碧桃 Prunus persica 1
Ciclev10008642m 多聚泛素 10 Polyubiquitin 10 NP_849300 100 拟南芥 Arabidopsis thaliana 1
Ciclev10009510m 非特异性抗病蛋白 1 Non-race specific disease resistance 1 XP_004294345 69 草莓 Fragaria vesca subsp. vesca 1
Ciclev10030496m 内含子结合蛋白 aquarius类似蛋白
Intron-binding protein aquarius-like
EMJ21780 89 碧桃 Prunus persica 1
Ciclev10030723m 纤维素合成酶 Cellulose synthase EMJ21487 95 碧桃 Prunus persica 2
Ciclev10033000m hap3类似蛋白 hap3-like protein AEV43361 99 甜橙 Citrus sinensis 9
Ciclev10030489m E3泛素蛋白连接酶 shprh类似蛋白
E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase shprh-like
EMJ21511 79 碧桃 Prunus persica 1
Ciclev10030920m 包含 CCCH结构域的锌指蛋白 29类似蛋白
Zinc finger CCCH domain-containing protein 29-like
XP_002269430 80 葡萄
Vitis vinifera
5
Ciclev10031921m 包含 RNA识别位点的蛋白质
RNA recognition motif-containing protein
XP_002320894 92 三叶杨
Populus trichocarpa
8
Ciclev10031543m 低质量蛋白质 loc101207651
Low quality protein: uncharacterized loc101207651
XP_002312133 87 三叶杨
Populus trichocarpa
1
Ciclev10033519m 伤害诱导蛋白 1类似蛋白 Wound-induced protein 1-like XP_002520818 74 蓖麻 Ricinus communis 2
Ciclev10025741m 生长素流载体类似蛋白 Auxin efflux carrier-like protein XP_002521739 83 蓖麻 Ricinus communis 13
Ciclev10026034m 叶绿体放氧增强子蛋白
Oxygen-evolving enhancer protein
ADZ75466 95 荔枝
Litchi chinensis
1
Ciclev10026549m 组蛋白 H1 Histone H1 AAN37904 72 烟草 Nicotiana tabacum 1
16期 程春振等:应用抑制性差减杂交技术筛选锦橙 CTV应答基因 3419
续表 Continued table
序列 ID
Sequence ID
序列功能
Sequence description
相关 ACC
Hit ACC
相似度
Similarity (%)
来源
Source
频次
Frequency
Ciclev10023060m 保守的假定蛋白 Conserved hypothetical protein XP_002524419 59 蓖麻 Ricinus communis 7
Ciclev10029531m 凋亡相关蛋白 Senescence-associated protein EJY66653 92 纤毛虫 Oxytricha trifallax 35
Cs7g24050 假定的蛋白质MTR_5g051000
Hypothetical protein MTR_5g051000
XP_003614383 86 蒺藜苜蓿 Medicago truncatula 9
Ciclev10029531m 未知蛋白 Unknown ACR38454 89 玉米 Zea mays 2
Ciclev10014970m 细胞色素 p450 Cytochrome p450 XP_002305592 89 三叶杨 Populus trichocarpa 1
Ciclev10015727m 噻唑生物合成酶 Thiazole biosynthetic enzyme XP_002267414 91 葡萄 Vitis vinifera 1
Ciclev10016395m 预测的蛋白 LOC101293374
Predicted: uncharacterized protein LOC101293374
XP_004293621 75 草莓 Fragaria vesca subsp. vesca 3
Ciclev10017113m 光调节蛋白 Light-regulated protein AAP23943 100 四季橘 Citrofortunella microcarpa 19
Ciclev10011842m 镁-原卟啉 IX单甲基酯
Magnesium-protoporphyrin IX monomethyl ester
XP_002283892 90 葡萄 Vitis vinifera 1
Ciclev10023364m 5
Ciclev10002876m 2
Ciclev10003087m 1
Ciclev10012795m 1
合、氧化还原活性、转移酶活性、蛋白结合、水解酶
活性等;从细胞组分方面看,这些基因主要作用于细
胞质、类囊体、光合膜、核蛋白复合体、质膜和细胞
壁等部位(图 1)。
1:代谢过程;2:细胞学过程;3:刺激响应;4:细胞组分构建;5:生物学调控;6:定位;7:发育过程;8:多细胞有机体过程;9:多有机体过
程;10:繁殖;11:免疫系统过程;12:信号传导;13:其它生物学过程;14:离子结合;15:核苷酸结合;16:氧化还原活性;17:转移酶活性;
18:蛋白结合;19:水解酶活性;20:小分子结合;21:四吡咯结合;22:核糖体结构组成;23:辅助因子结合;24:连接酶活性;25:过氧化物
酶活性;26:脂质结合;27:裂解酶活性;28:其它分子功能;29:细胞内细胞器;30:细胞质;31:细胞质部分;32:类囊体;33:光合膜;34:
类囊体部分;35:核糖体蛋白复合体;36:细胞壁;37:完整的细胞膜;38:核糖体亚基;39:泛素连接酶复合体;40:光系统 I 反应中心;41:
其它细胞组分
1: Metabolic process; 2: Cellular process; 3: Response to stimulus; 4: Cellular component organization; 5: Biological regulation; 6: Localization; 7:
Developmental process; 8: Multicellular organismal process; 9: Multi-organism process; 10: Reproduction; 11: Immune system process; 12: Signaling; 13:
Other biological processes; 14: Ion binding; 15: Nucleic acid binding; 16: Oxidoreductase activity; 17: Transferase activity; 18: Protein binding; 19: Hydrolase
activity; 20: Small molecule binding; 21: Tetrapyrrole binding; 22: Structural constituent of ribosome; 23: Cofactor binding; 24: Ligase activity; 25: Peroxidase
activity; 26: Lipid binding; 27: Lyase activity; 28: Other molecular functions; 29: Intracellular organelle; 30: Cytoplasm; 31: Cytoplasmic part; 32: Thylakoid;
33: Photosynthetic membrane; 34: Thylakoid part; 35: Ribonucleoprotein complex; 36: Cell wall; 37: Integral to membrane; 38: Ribosomal subunit;
39:Ubiquitin ligase complex; 40: Photosystem I reaction center; 41: Other cellular components
图 1 特异性表达 EST 生物学过程(A,二级水平)、分子功能(B,三级水平)及细胞组分(C,五级水平)归类结果
Fig. 1 Distribution of differentially expressed ESTs according to the biological process part of GO (A, 2nd level) consortium,the
molecular function part of GO (B, 3rd level) consortium and the cellular component part of GO (C, 5th level) consortium
3420 中 国 农 业 科 学 46卷
KEGG分析结果表明,与光合器官碳固定相关的
EST最多,有 24条;其次是乙醛酸盐和二羧酸盐代谢,
甘油脂代谢,甲醇代谢,苯丙氨酸代谢,类苯基丙烷
合成,角质、软木脂和蜡生物合成,甘油磷脂代谢,
氮代谢,类胡萝卜素合成,淀粉和蔗糖代谢等相关的
EST,分别为 21条、19条、18条、15条、15条、10
条、10条、9条、8条和 7 条;另外一些与氨基酸代
谢和合成相关、醚脂和鞘脂类代谢、糖酵解/糖异生、
果糖和甘露糖代谢、戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸酯转换途径等
过程相关的 EST均多于 4条(图 2)。
1:光合器官碳固定;2:乙醛酸盐和二羧酸盐代谢;3:甘油脂代谢;4:甲醇代谢;5:苯丙氨酸代谢;6:类苯基丙烷合成;7:角质、软木脂和蜡
生物合成;8:甘油磷脂代谢;9:氮代谢;10:类胡萝卜素合成;11:淀粉和蔗糖代谢;12:甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢;13:半胱氨酸和甲硫
氨酸代谢;14:赖氨酸生物合成;15:醚脂代谢;16:鞘脂类代谢;17:药物代谢;18:糖酵解/糖异生;19:戊糖和葡萄糖醛酸酯转换;20:果糖
和甘露糖代谢;21:卟啉和叶绿素代谢;22:磷酸戊糖途径;23:嘧啶代谢;24:类固醇合成;25:亚油酸代谢;26:α-亚麻酸代谢;27:脂肪酸
代谢;28:T 细胞受体信号传导途径;29:花生四烯酸代谢;30:氨基糖和核苷酸糖代谢;31:甾类激素合成;32:苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸合
成;33:不饱和脂肪酸合成;34:邻氨基苯甲酸乙酯降解;35:咖啡碱代谢;36:嘌呤代谢;37:色氨酸代谢;38:磷酸盐和亚磷酸盐代谢;39:
维生素 A代谢
1: Carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms; 2: Glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism; 3: Glycerolipid metabolism; 4: Methane metabolism; 5:
Phenylalanine metabolism; 6: Phenylpropanoid biosynthesis; 7: Cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis; 8: Glycerophospholipid metabolism; 9: Nitrogen
metabolism; 10: Carotenoid biosynthesis; 11: Starch and sucrose metabolism; 12: Glycine, serine and threonine metabolism; 13: Cysteine and methionine
metabolism; 14: Lysine biosynthesis; 15: Ether lipid metabolism; 16: Sphingolipid metabolism; 17: Drug metabolism ; 18: Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis; 19:
Pentose and glucuronate interconversions; 20: Fructose and mannose metabolism; 21: Porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism; 22: Pentose phosphate pathway;
23: Pyrimidine metabolism; 24: Steroid biosynthesis; 25: Linoleic acid metabolism; 26: alpha-Linolenic acid metabolism; 27: Fatty acid metabolism; 28: T cell
receptor signaling pathway; 29: Arachidonic acid metabolism; 30: Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism; 31: Steroid hormone biosynthesis; 32:
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis; 33: Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids; 34: Aminobenzoate degradation; 35: Caffeine metabolism; 36:
Purine metabolism; 37: Tryptophan metabolism; 38: Phosphonate and phosphinate metabolism; 39: Retinol metabolism
图 2 差异表达基因 KEGG分析结果
Fig. 2 KEGG analysis results of DEGs
3 讨论
本试验构建了 CTV 侵染锦橙初期的正向差减文
库,获得 137个 CTV应答相关基因。从 GO功能归类
结果可知(表),锦橙在 CTV侵染初期主要从以下几
个方面进行应答。
3.1 加强能量代谢和物质转运
本试验得到的 137个 DEG中有 19个基因直接与
光合作用相关,KEGG分析结果(图 2)也表明,DEG
中很大一部分基因与碳固定、糖代谢和氮代谢等能量
代谢途径相关。编码叶绿体光系统Ⅰ反应中心Ⅳ亚基、
光调节蛋白、核酮糖 1,5二磷酸羧化酶/氧化酶、质体
蓝素、紫外线 B抑制蛋白等光合作用或能量代谢相关
的基因在文库中出现的次数均超过 10次,编码叶绿体
16期 程春振等:应用抑制性差减杂交技术筛选锦橙 CTV应答基因 3421
光系统 I 亚基 III、叶绿素 a / b结合蛋白、光系统 II
反应中心w蛋白等与光合作用及电子传递密切相关的
蛋白质的基因均特异性表达;另外,在光合系统活性
强、与电子传递有关的碳酸酐酶也上调表达[4-5]。编码
与物质运输有关的蛋白如脂质转移酶、质体蓝素、富
含脯氨酸的蛋白质以及阳离子转运蛋白等的基因也受
CTV侵染诱导。这些基因的特异性表达可能与抗 CTV
侵染过程中能量需求相关。与Mónica等以最不抗CTV
的品种墨西哥来檬为材料,进行的受强毒株 T305 侵
染的墨西哥来檬叶片中的特异性表达基因结果[能量
代谢(12%)]相似[6]。说明对于 CTV易感品种来说,
CTV的侵染会使其代谢紊乱,以致植株在感病初期代
谢增强,能耗增多。
3.2 通过特异性表达抗病相关基因,减少 CTV 侵染造
成的伤害
本试验得到的 DEG中有 17个基因直接与抗逆防
御相关。S-norcoclaurine合成酶、NDR1等病程相关蛋
白在拟南芥等植物的抗细菌、真菌病害以及抗病反应
中发挥着重要作用[7-11];植物凝集素也是一种重要的
抗病蛋白,在植物抗逆防御反应中发挥重要作用[12];
钙网蛋白是一种多功能的植物凝集素样分子伴侣,它
参与很多功能分子如转运子、表面受体等合成,在
调节细胞内钙离子平衡和钙信号传导通路起重要作
用[13];MLP类似蛋白(主要的乳胶类似蛋白)在尖孢
镰刀菌侵染的棉花根和下胚轴中上调显著,还有报道
指出在光胁迫和甘露醇胁迫下的人参中 MLP 类似蛋
白被显著诱导[14-15];聚合泛素和泛素前体被认为可被
各种胁迫所诱导而表达,参与包括细胞周期调控、胁
迫应答等多种生理生化途径,对逆境胁迫起着重要调
节作用[16-17];NAC基因在柑橘抗黑斑病、拟南芥冷害
应答、调节小麦凋亡以及番茄卷叶病病毒应答反应中
均起到重要作用[18-22];14-3-3 蛋白是细胞分化、信号
传导以及细胞凋亡的主要调节因子,在植物抗逆防御
反应中发挥着重要作用[23-26];另外编码凋亡相关蛋白、
过氧化物酶、伤害诱导蛋白、富含脯氨酸的蛋白质、
氧甾醇结合蛋白、儿茶酚氧甲基转移酶等与抗逆防御
密切相关的基因也被诱导表达。
3.3 通过合成植保素、木质素加固细胞壁等抵抗病原
菌侵染
本试验中,一些 DEG 涉及到植物防御素生成代
谢途径,如苯丙氨酸代谢(15个)、类苯基丙烷代谢
(10个)、类胡萝卜素合成(8个)等。植物细胞色
素 P450 单氧化酶是植物最大的蛋白酶家族,是重要
的抗氧化剂、激素和抗性物质来源,催化苯基丙酸类、
黄酮类和萜类生物合成途径的关键限速步骤[27-29];脱
落酸 8-羟化酶是一种重要的细胞色素 P450单氧化酶,
同时它还是 ABA 氧化分解的关键酶 [30-31];
s-norcoclaurine是苄基异喹啉类生物碱的主要前体,编
码 s-norcoclaurine 合成酶的基因在本试验中也特异表
达;儿茶酚氧甲基转移酶与木质素、类黄酮、香豆素
等的合成密切相关,是木质素前体和甲基化酚类化合
物的重要来源[32-34],其中,木质素可以阻止病原菌的
进一步侵染。另外,过氧化物酶参与木质素单体松柏
醇的氧化还原,因而与木质素代谢紧密相关[35]。还有
些基因与细胞壁的形成和修饰有关,如纤维素合成酶、
前纤维蛋白、果胶乙酰酯酶等。
4 结论
由于植物抗病反应是一个系统反应,涉及加固细
胞壁、产生抗毒素、表达抗病蛋白等多种途径。锦橙
在受 CTV侵染后,基因表达发生了较大变化,能量代
谢和抗逆防御相关基因差异表达显著。本试验还找到
很多未知功能的序列,对这些功能已知和未知的基因
进一步研究,将对柑橘抗 CTV应答及 CTV侵染对锦
橙造成的生理生化变化具有指导意义。
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