氰化物是目前世界范围内最常使用的提取黄金等贵重金属的沥滤剂,其对自然生态环境的污染和破坏以及对人畜的毒性作用是众所周知的,氰化物污染的治理也就成为了环境工作者关注的焦点课题。植物细胞的悬浮液通常用于研究污染物的降解及在植物体内的生化反应机制。本实验直接用三种杨柳科植物的不同组织(根须、嫩茎、老茎和叶片)来观察和测定植物细胞线粒体中的氰丙氨酸合成酶(β-cyanoalanine synthase)转化氰化物的可行性。实验是在一封闭的玻璃器皿(100mL)中进行的(100mL的氰化钾溶液中加入1.0g(鲜重)的植物组织,氰化钾溶液的浓度0.444~0.457CNmg·L-1)。在为期28h的时间内,水溶液中的氰化物22.13~67.04%被植物的不同组织去除。最快的氰化物去除率发现在美洲黑杨(Populus deltoides)的叶片实验组(1.9449mg CN/kg(鲜重)·h),苏柳(Salix matssudana Koidz×Salix alba L)的叶片实验组次之(1.7259mgCN/kg(鲜重)·h),最慢的氰化物去除率发现在苏柳的嫩茎实验组(0.4934mg CN/kg(鲜重)·h)。实验结果表明,选用植物的组织同样可以观察和测定污染物在植物体内的转化,特别是植物的叶片表现的尤其敏感。
Cyanide is the most widely used leaching reagent for gold extraction. Its environmental behaviour and fate is of significant environmental concern. β-cyanoalanine synthase(CAS) was found to be able to catalyse the conversion of cyanide to the ammino acid asparagine. This paper presents an investigation on the potential use of plant tissues to degrade cyanide. Excised plant tissues (1.0g fresh weight) from 3 woody plant speices out of the Salicaceae family were kept in a glass vessel with 100 mL spiked aqueous solution (oxygen-saturated deionized water) at room temperature of 20~23℃ for 28h. Samples were taken directly from the solution and determined photometrically at a wavelength of 638 nm. The cyanide removal rate was determined experimentally between 22.13% and 67.04% over a 28 h exposure period and varied with plant tissues and species. The maximum metabolic velocity, vmax, was 0.4934~1.9449 mg CN·kg-1 (fresh weight)·h-1. The highest removal velocity was 1.9449 mg CN·kg-1(fresh weight)·h-1 with the leaves from Poplar trees (Populus deltoides), followed by 1.7259 mg CN·kg-1 (fresh weight)·h-1 with the leaves of hybrid willow trees (Salix matssudana Koidz×Salix alba L). The lowest removal velocity was 0.4934 mg CN·kg-1 (fresh weight)·h-1 with the new stem from hybrid willow trees. Results of this investigation indicated that the plant tissues were able to metabolize cyanide. The maximum removal capacity was found in plant leaves of the three groups tested. In conclusion, using excised plant tissues seems to be a feasible option for the characterization of the degradation pathways of cyanide.
全 文 :生态科学2003年11月第22卷第4期 ECOLOGICSC ENCENoⅥ加03,22(4):289~293
植物的不同组织对氰化物降解的可行性研究
于晓章”,TRAPPstefan2(1.湖南农业大学环境科学系,K沙4l0128;2.丹壶技术大学环境~资源研究中心
DK-2800Kgs.Ly“gb弘Denmark)
【摘要】 氰化物足日前世界托m内最常使用的摊取黄命等贵重金属的泐滤剂,其对自然生态环境的污染和破坏以及
对人畜的毒性作用是众所蒯知的,氰化物污染的治理也就成为了环境T作前关注的焦点课题。植物细胞的悬浮渡通常
用于研究污染物的降解及在植物体内的生化反心机制。奉实验直接用三种杨柳科植物的不同组织(根须、嫩茎、老茎
和"片)米脱察和测定植物细胞线粒体中的氰阿氯陵合成酶(B—cyanoalaninesynthase)转化氰化物的可行性。实
验是和一封闭的玻璃器Iu【(100mL)中进行的(100mL的氰化钾溶液中加入10g(鲜重)的植物组织.氰化钾}徉液
的浓度0.444~0457CNm卫-L“)。砷:为期28h的时间内.水溶液中的氰化物22.13~67.04%被植物的不同组织去
除。最快的锊【化物去除牢发现确!荧洲黑杨(尸叩Hf“5出ff0汝5)的叶片实验组(1.9449mgcN,kg(鲜重)·h),苏柳
(Sh胍H砸栅H幽M肪f出×胁胁Ⅱf妇L)的叶"实验鲺上次之(1.7259mgcN,kg(鲜重).h),最幔的氰化物去除率
发现在苏柳的嫩茎实验盟l(0.4934mgCN,k(鲜重)·h)。实验结果表明,选用植物的组织同样刈以观察和测定污染
物柱植物体内的转化,特别足植物的叶片表现的尤jE敏感。
关键词t{i【化物;降解;植物组织
中图分类号:x592 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1008.8873(2003)04—289.06
DeE衄dati蚰0fcyaⅡidebyw00dyplantti鼯ues,YUxia0.zhallgh,TRAPPStefan‘(1DepanmentofE vironment“
Science,HunanAgriculIur削UniversitHChang ha410128:2Envjronmen【&ResOurces,1色chnicalUniversity0fDenm rk。
DK.2800Kgs.LyngbMDenmark)
AbstractCyanideisthemoS【widelyusedlcachingreagentforgoldex仃actionI£sen“mnmen【albehavioIlr卸dfatejs f
sigrImcantenvironmentalco cem.B—cyanoalaninesyl thaSe(o~S)wasfoundtobe bIet0catalyseIheconversionofcy锄ide
【o山eamminoacidasp啪gineTh话paperresents扑invesngationonthepotenti羽useofplanit ssuestOdegradecyanjde
Excisedpfan【“ssuesrl0Efkshweight)仃om3w odypIaIltspeicesouIort『leSaIicaceaefamilywerek印tinagJassvessel
withlOOmLspikedaqueoussolution(0xygen.saturatcddcionizedwater)a【momte peratureof20~23℃for28h.S帅ples
weretakcndirectlyrromthesolu“0na determincdphOtomet—callya【awavelengthOf638nmThecyanideremovaIr tewas
detennlnedexp rimcntaIlybetween2213%arId6704%overa28hexposurcperiod柚dv州edwichPI粕ttIssuesandspecies.
Them“i1TIummeLabo“cvelocity.vmax,was0.4934~1.9449mgCN·kg“(fkshwei曲t)·h~.Thehighestre肿vaIvelocity
was1.9449mgCN-kgo(厅℃shweight)-h1w1【htheIeavesfromPopIartrees(脚“m5出幻抛).f01lowcdby1 7259mg
CN·培。(行eshwej曲t)’h“wjththeleavesofhybndwillowtrees(妇fhMf55“出加怕娩硒衙df幻L).nelo、vestr moval
velocitywas0.4934mgCN·k昏1(frcshweig t)·h“withthenew吐emf mhybridwilIowtrees.ResuItsofthiinves“gaaon
indica忙dtha七thepIanttjssuesw reabIe【ome【abolizecyanide.Themaximum糟n协valcapac tywasfoundinplan¨eavesof
the廿1rcegmupste ted.Inco clusion,usingexcisedpIantssuesseemstobeafeasibleopⅡonf昕Ⅱ1characte—zationof山e
degradatio“pa【hwaysOfcy卸ide
Kevwords:CYanide;Degrada【ion:PI卸ttlssues
Sinceit’scommercialintmductioninNewZbalandEnvimnmentalPmtectionAdminlstrationandllt sof
morethanacenturyagO,cyanidehasb enthemost
commonlyusedleachingreagentforgoIdandsilver
extractionintheworldconsidenngavail8bilityeffc-
ctivenessandeconomics,ThishasI℃sultcdinthe
contaminat{onofa signincancly1a昭enumberofsiIes
withcyanide.AnxampIeisthekillingoffishovera
stretchof700kmjncheTisza—versysceminEumpein
F曲ruarv2000,duetoareleaseofcvanidefromtheBaia
Mare叠oldTIline,Romania”1.InChina,areleaseor
cyanidentowaterShedswasalsoreponedbytheState
liquidsodiumcyanideleakedintoatributaryofLuohe
RiverinHenanPmvinceinOctober200lafteratramc
accident.LivestcckanimaIswereDoisonedandatleast
oneDersonwasickenedbycontaminatjon.InShaanxi
Pmvince5.2tonsofliquidsodiumcyanidewaspilled
intothewuganRiveLabmnchofmeHanjianRiveL
nisworkwas鲫pp。nedbyamse小h妯ndationfrom山eHun蛐
Ag^跚lluralUnlvenilyforsci帅tists(Gr⋯”o:03YJ05)
’CoⅡ℃sp0们in旦au山orE_血ll¨xiaozhang@hoiIna吨com
2003—09—24收稿,2003一ll一20接受
万方数据
!!! 竺查型兰 丝堂
af【eratruckaccidentinSeDtember2000andeadfish
werefounddownnverfromtheaccidentsite.butno
humancasualtywasreported制,
B一。yanoalaninesynthase(CAS)wasfou订dtobe
曲leIocacalysecheconye倦ionofcyanjdeancyscejnec0
B .cvanoalanineandsul行del5“.CASis widelv
distnbutedinarangeofhigherplantsandplaysacnIcial
roleincvanjdemetaboljsmml.Becauseofjtsex I ive
localizationin嘶吮hnondna,themainp ysiological
roIeofCAShasbeen‘houghttobethedetoxmcationof
toxiccyanidef瑚Jandasparaginewasthe帅Iymetabolite
detec忙dinexpe—mentswiIh14C—labeledCN’forboth
cyanogenicandnon.cyanogenicplantsI引.
Numemusda诅areavailabIeonthecharacte—zation
ofthedifferentdcgradationpathwaysofchemicals,
howevermostlyde神withplantcensuspensions【51.1n
thisinvestigation,anemphasiswaplacedonthe
potentiaIofexcisedplanttissues(withoutaddi“onal
preparatl呻)fromthreeplantspeciesondegradationof
cvanideandthefeasib订itvofthisnewmethodin
potennalph”oremediation.
1 MaterialsandII忙thods
1.1 Plants
Hybndwillow(Snf讧ma拈sHdⅡHⅡ勋fdzxSdfhnfbn
L),weepingw lIow(曲№6d印如n缸口L)andpoplar
(尸印“f“5deZ幻沈5)wereusedinthistest.Thesew r
allsampledfromthecampusoflheHunanAgricultural
Unjversit弘40cmlongtreecuttingswereu廿Iized,and
tbenallplacedinbucketscontainingtapwateratmom
temperatureof20~23℃untiIe、Ⅳrootsandleaves
appeared.
1.2 C”nidegradationtestswichplaittissues
Sealedglassflaskscon七ainingcyanidesoIutionwere
used.Plantm terialsncludedl afr00t.oldstemand
newslem,The1eaveswerewashedwithtaDwaterbefore
theexcisjon.Excised1eaveswerecutjntopieces,
weighed(1.0g讹shweight)andpI cedina 100111L
flask,thenlOOmLofspikedaqueouss01udonwere
added.ConcentmtjonofsDikeds Iutionwasbetween
O.4“and0.457CNmg‘L_1.ThepHofspikedsolun叩
wasadiustedto6.9withsodiumhvdroxide.Theflasks
wereclosedwithaglasstopperandallplacedatroom
tcmperatureof20~23℃underaturalsunlight.Three
rep“catesw reconductedfor achtestinggmup.One
c咖Irol(con¨训1)waswichcy nidebutwithoutplant
tissues,andtheother(contmI2)waswithpIanttissues,
butwithoutcyanide,toquantifythef诧ctsofphocoIysis
volaciljzadon,hyd巾lysisanmrdegra血Ⅱonby
micmorganisms,andtocheckthereleaseofc”nide
fmmtheplantmatenals.Thetestwaspemmledinthe
saInemannerfootherplantmatenals.
Cyanideintheaqueoussolutionwasmeasured
befbreplanttissueswereadded,afterwhichthe
reductionofcyanidecOncentrationin waterwas
quanti行edata4一hintervaI.Thedurationofthistestwas
28h.
1.3 ChemicaIan lvsis
Thestocksolutionofpotassiumcyanide(0.9066
CNg·L.。)wasprcparedinthelaboratoryThe
concentrationofcya identheaque叫ssolutionwas
detel.minedphoto眦tncauybya standardmethod⋯.
Resu恼wereexpresseda CNrng·L.。.Notethatl mg
KCNequalsO.4mgCN.Betweenl and5mL、岬ter
sampleswerctakenandtmnsfen℃d’intoa 25mL
colorime试ccylinder,and1%sodiumhydroxidewas
addedtothemarkof10mL.5.OmLofbuf艳rsoIution
containingpotassiumd hydfogenphosphate(17g·L_ )
andsodiumphosphate(17.75g‘L_‘)we佗added.Then
O.2mLofl%(V,M)chloramine—Tsolutionw readded.
Thenaskwasealedwithstoppersandleftstandingfor3
lo5minutesb fore3dding5.0mLofthecolour端agent
(amixtureofisonicotinicacidand3-methyl-l—phenyl一5一
pyrazolonewiththeconcentrationsof15g‘L.‘and
12.5g·L-’,respecnvely).Theflaskw醛filledwithwater
t0the25mLmarkandthomughlymixed.Fina¨ythe
colo^metriccyl ndersw reallkeptinawaterbatllat
32℃for40minThebIanksolution(cvallide.fbewacer)
wasp犯paredinthesameway.Theabsorptionoflightat
638nmwasmeasured(Photometer_72l,Shan曲ai
AnalyticalInstrumentCompany)inacellofopticalp th
lengthof10mm.Standardsolutionsofpotassium
cyanidewerepreparcdintIlerangeof0.007~0.18lCN
mg。L_1andusedforthecalibradon.Thedetectionl mits
ofthismethodwasdetc邝ninedtobebetweenO.004and
0,25CNmg。L-1,depcndingo thevolumeofthe
samDle.
万方数据
万方数据
万方数据
4期 于晓章,等:植物的不lnJ组织对氰化物降解的|J行性研究 293
:麓
班;
Io】
0
0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28
r】肿(”
●hf▲Root
FIg4 Exp仰enthlmsa帅岫r蛐ce1‘inenesforhybmw硼ow
打嘴wj咖抑oexp彻删d藿=薹一;i;÷ii
要§;三萋l强;强!翟目i;』量E善善薹霭j墓ji三i莹萎?争ii;《莲堇gs三蓄§
§自2li;=i?相应变化⋯J;wbzel等人的T作显示山地中不同
坡向的土壤肥力有不同Il”。但坡向对_十壤营养成分的
影响要通过测定土壤中多种营养要素的含量及土壤有
机质的组成才得以进一步说明问题。象对于大雾岭这
种?n开发、}保护的次生林系统,土壤有机成分的分布
与相互作用对农林业产品产量及资源保护极重要”⋯。
尤其在查明植物多样性有坡 向差异前提下。有必须继
续深入研究土壤更多特性的随不同坡向的分布状况。
致谢本项目得到信宜市政府、广东火雾岭自然{!15护区以及广
东轻工职业技术学院陈江燕、湛江师范学院牡柔和广东工业大
学陈明风等同学的大力支持,谨此致谢。
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4期 托叫铭,等:茂名人雾岭中次生林植被蚯蚓多样性的空间特征
已知它们的各自含量在不同年龄的植被下是有差异的
”4J“。在土壤有机质在各种尺寸人小的有机质周转与
对十壤的作_}}J都不同”“.故有机质组成的不一样也会
导致出现相似的有机质含量但有不同的生境性质。研
究表明,在英国环境敏感的地区,草本植物的种丰富
度、功能类型会随土壤中有机质、氮、磷、钾等的波
动而相应变化⋯J;wbzel等人的T作显示山地中不同
坡向的土壤肥力有不同Il”。但坡向对_十壤营养成分的
影响要通过测定土壤中多种营养要素的含量及土壤有
机质的组成才得以进一步说明问题。象对于大雾岭这
种?n开发、}保护的次生林系统,土壤有机成分的分布
与相互作用对农林业产品产量及资源保护极重要”⋯。
尤其在查明植物多样性有坡向差异前提下。有必须继
续深入研究土壤更多特性的随不同坡向的分布状况。
致谢本项目得到信宜市政府、广东火雾岭自然{!15护区以及广
东轻工职业技术学院陈江燕、湛江师范学院牡柔和广东工业大
学陈明风等同学的大力支持,谨此致谢。
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万方数据
植物的不同组织对氰化物降解的可行性研究
作者: 于晓章, Trapp Stefan
作者单位: 于晓章(湖南农业大学环境科学系,长沙,410128), Trapp Stefan(丹麦技术大学环境与资源
研究中心,DK-2800 Kgs.Lyngby,Denmark)
刊名: 生态科学
英文刊名: ECOLOGIC SCIENCE
年,卷(期): 2003,22(4)
被引用次数: 2次
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