在样方调查的基础上,研究大雾岭天然次生林中大田顶、茄顶两座山东、南、西、北四个坡向植物多样性、蚯蚓多样性和土壤有机质含量。结果表明:大雾岭天然次生林1)乔木总数以南坡偏低,在大田顶、茄顶南坡分别0Ind·m-2和0.06Ind·m-2;各坡向乔木Shannon-Weaver指数在0~2.24之间,Margalef指数在0~3.15之间,乔木多样性指数没有坡向差异;2)灌木总数没有坡向差异,灌木多样性指数南坡最低,Shannon-Weaver指数与Margalef指数在大田顶南坡分别为1.52和1.70,在茄顶南坡则分别为2.05和2.33;3)草本植物总数以南坡最高,在大田顶、茄顶南坡分别有87Ind·m-2与244Ind·m-2;草本植物多样性指数以南坡较高,其中Shannon-Weaver指数与Margalef指数在大田顶南坡分别为2.46与3.36;4)蚯蚓总数以南坡偏低,在大田顶与茄顶分别为7Ind·m-2和0Ind·m-2;各坡向蚯蚓Shannon-Weaver指数在0~1.63之间,Margalef指数在0~2.20之间,蚯蚓多样性指数没有坡向差异:5)土壤有机质无坡向差异,各坡向离地面50cm以内的土壤有机质含量在11.2~40.6%,离地面0.5~1m的有机质含量在5.6~17.5%。由于生物资源分布有坡向差异,因此在天然次生林管理时可根据不同的坡向选择相应的开发或保护模式。
Investigations were made on plant diversity, earthworm diversity, and soil organic matter in different directions of natural secondary forest in Dawuling Mountains. Four slopes,east-facing slope (EFS),south-facing slope (SFS),west-facing slope (WFS), and north-lacing slope (NFS) of Datianding Hill and Qieding Hill,were sampled. In the Dawuling Mountain, 1)the number of tree was lower on SFS that other directions, the densities of on SFS of Datianding Hill and Qieding Hill being 0 Ind·m-2 and 0.06 Ind·m-2, respectively, but there was no difference of tree diversity among directions, Shannon-Weaver index of tree ranging from 0 to 2.24, Margalef index from 0 to 3.15; 2) the number of shrub was not dominant in any directions, but SFS had the lowest shrub diversity, Shannon-Weaver index and Margalef index of SFS of Datianding Hill being 1.52 and 1.70, respectively, those of Qieding Hill being 2.05 and 2.33, respectively; 3) the number of herb on SFS was the highest among those or all directions, the densities of herb on SFS of Datianding Hill and Qieding Hill being 87 Ind·m-2, and 44 Ind·m-2,respectively, and SFS also had the highest herb diversity, Shannon-Weaver index and Margalef index of herb on SFS of Datianding Hill being 2.46 and 3.36, respectively; 4) the number of earthworm was low on SFS. the densities of earthworm on SFS of Datianding Hill and Qieding Hill being 7 Ind·m-2 and 0 Ind·m-2, respectively, but the earthworm diversities was insignificantly influenced by direction, Shannon-Weaver index of earthworm ranging from 0 to 1.63. Margalef index from 0 to 2.20; and 5) direction had no influence on the content of soil organic matter, and the soil within 50 cm from the surface had 11.2~40.6% of organic matter, that between 50 cm and 100 cm from the surface having 5.6~17.5% of organic matter. Because of direction effects on biological sources, different methods should be used to manage natural secondary forest according to slope-exposure.
全 文 : 万方数据
万方数据
万方数据
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田3 大雾.々天然次生林不同坡向的草本层植物
shnnomw曲v盯指数和M_酬西指数
n暑3Ⅸ嗽蛞蚰硪釜出蚰Sh哪on-W嘲wrind雌a叫
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IhmlIi唧M∞ntatm
指数最高是硝坡,其值为1.63l,最低是南坡,为0;
Margalef指数最高是西坡和北坡.为1.895,最低为南
坡,为0。就两座山总体而言,蚯蚓总数以南坡偏低。
而多样性指数则看不山坡向优势。
2.5土壤的分析
土壤有机质含量见图5。大田顶东坡的有机质含
量比较高,50cm以上和50cm以下土壤的有机质含
量分别为27.3%和14.O%,南坡的有机质含量比较低,
50cm以上和50cm以卜.土壤的有机质含量分别为
12_3%和5.6%;茄顶西坡的有机质含量比较高,50cm
以上和50cm以下士壤的有机质含量分别为∞.6%和
16.4%.北坡的有机质含量比较低,50cm以上和50cm
以下土壤的有机质含量分别为】1,2%和9.4%。就两座
山总体而言,土壤有机质含量的坡向优势不明显。
3讨论
3.1大雾岭天然次生林植物多样性的坡向差异
摹{
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圈4大雾岭天然次生林不同坡向的蚯蝴sh珊仰.w∞ver指
数和Ma曜aIef指数
ng4 Directi蚰妇ts蛳Shn∞n-W∞w肾ibd既a硼
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inD脚lIli雌M伽n晡岫
本世纪50年代末,大雾岭原始森林几乎砍伐殆
尽,取而代之的天然次生林目前是一个相对稳定的群
落类型,其群落内的各神群结构是受多种固定因子几
十年来影响积累的结果。坡向是一个固定的生态因素,
不同的朝向将导致接受阳光照射的总量及时刻韵差
异,同时降雨量、蒸发量、水力等气候因素也有很大
的区别。因此备坡向的植物群落在各自小气候的限制
中朝着各自的项级方向发展”】。大雾岭天然次生林植
被在坡向上呈现南低西北高的大概特征。Meir等发现
以色列caⅡm1山脉中出现北坡植被覆盖为100%,丽
南坡植被覆盖为70~90%,这与本文结果相似【9l。而
根据空间趋势面分析法研究关帝山林区景观空间格局
时,其结果也与本研究结果类似”l。
植物多样性坡向差异中最明显的是乔木.在两座
山的南坡总共发现3株小乔木,没有发现高大的乔木,
这种限制说明大雾岭坡向造成的生境差异已超过了天
然次生林中乔木的适应范围。对闽西北山区不同生境
L
O墓p廿一%H盛毫x
赫靼堇_呐荨苫
万方数据
万方数据
万方数据
茂名大雾岭中次生林植被蚯蚓多样性的空间特征
作者: 范明铭, 许忠能, 丘明霞, 黎婉华, 马霭能, 黄泽棋, 黄滔, 李丰耀
作者单位: 范明铭,黎婉华,马霭能,黄泽棋,李丰耀(暨南大学生物工程学系,广州,510632), 许忠能(暨
南大学水生生物研究所,广州,510632), 丘明霞(广州大学生物系,广州,510405), 黄滔(暨
南大学化学系,广州,510632)
刊名: 生态科学
英文刊名: ECOLOGIC SCIENCE
年,卷(期): 2003,22(4)
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