全 文 ：Effects of Medium Nutrients on Fusarium
oxysporum Schl. f. sp
Xianyan SU1*, Qi WANG2, Xuefeng WANG1, Chunrong JIANG3, Jinxian HAN4
1. Institute of Plant Protection, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China;
2. College of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China;
3. Zhaoyuan Sanlian Chemical Group Company, Yantai 264000, China;
4. Qingdao Excellent Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao 266000, China
*Corresponding author. E-mail: sxyyxj2003@126.com
Received: October 27, 2011 Accepted: November 24, 2011A
Abstract [Objective] To study the effects of different culture conditions on the
Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp. [Method] Based on species identification of the
pathogenic organism of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp, effects of different cultures
and different nutrients on the mycelial growth and conidial production of Fusarium
oxysporum Schl. f. sp were studied. [Result] The mycelial growth and conidial pro-
duction of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp was different under different culture con-
ditions. PDA medium was the most suitable medium for the mycelial growth and had
the highest conidial production; and the mycelial grew the fastest on the medium
with maltose as carbon source or peptone as nitrogen source, which also had the
highest conidial production. [Conclusion] This study provided experimental basis for
the study of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp and also provided theoretical basis for
the study and control of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp.
Key words Fusarium oxysporum Schl f. sp; Medium; Carbon source; Nitrogen
source; Mycelial growth; Conidial production
D ifferent special forms ofFusarium oxysporum have dif-ferent infectious abilities on
cucurbits. Fusarium oxysporum Schl.
f. sp. lagenariae Matuo &Yamamoto is
a fungus of deuteromycetes, which
has strong infectious ability to wax
gourd and watermelon, and weak in-
fectious ability to bottle gourd and cal-
abash gourd.
Blight is also known as fusarium
wilt, wilt disease. Its typical symptom is
the entire plant wilting. Generally
speaking, if the seedling is infected,
the leaves would be wilting or the en-
tire plant be withering, the stem base
changes into brown and shrinks,
mainly presenting abrupt lodging. If the
adult plant is infected, the symptoms
would appear after flowering and fruit
bearing one after another: at the initial
stage, the leaves of the infected plant
gradually wilting from bottom up, it ap-
pears as water shortage, especially
obvious at noon while it is able to re-
cover in the morning and evening;
however, several days later, the
leaves of the entire plant sagging, by
then it would not able to recover to
normal again. It was reported that the
incidence rate of gourd fusarium wilt is
15%-25%, and it reaches as high as
40% if serious, disease epidemics can
result in large amount of dead vines in
the melon field, production reduction
reaches above 30% , seriously affect-
ing the yield and quality of gourd[1-3].
The bottle gourd is a kind of
greenhouse vegetable planted next to
cucumber. In recent years, the occur-
rences of gourd fusarium wilt became
more and more serious because of the
low disease-resistance of the main
cultivars, plus the influence of factors
like suitable climate, expansion of arid
land continuous cropping area, which
is becoming a main obstacle for the
high procuction of bottle gourd. How-
ever, few studies have devoted on the
occurrence of gourd fusarium wilt.
Therefore, the author carried out the
species identification on the pathogenic
organism of Fusarium oxysporum Schl.
f. sp, and further studied the effects of
different cultures and nutritional condi-
tions on the pathogenic bacteria, with
the purpose of providing relative ex-
perimental basis for the study of
Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp and
theoretical basis for the study and con-
trol of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp.
Materials and Methods
Isolationand identificationofFusar-
iumoxysporumSchl. f. sp
Collection and isolation of the test-
ing strains Bottle gourd plant with
typical symptom was obtained from
the bottle gourd planting area of Hefei.
The selected bottle gourd plant
was sterilized by the 0.1% mercuric
chloride, washed by sterilization water
for 3 times, and the surface water was
sucked dry by sterilized absorbent pa-
per. The disease-infected area was
picked out, and put on the PDA plate
(adding streptomycin of 50 ppm long
to prevent the bacteria from pollution),
cultured in constant temperature of 25
℃. 3 d later, the mycelium blocks were
picked out from the edges of the new-
born colonies, and transplanted to
the PDA plate to carry out purification
culture.
Identification of the testing pathog-
enic bacteria
Single spore isolation The single
spore isolation was carried out in ac-
cordance to the single spore selection
method on the surface of agar plate [4].
The obtained conidia were made into
conidial suspension solution with ster-
ilized water (with the concentration of
103-104 /ml), for later use. The PDA
agar plate (as thin and even as possi-
Agricultural Science & Technology, 2012, 13(1): 162-167
Copyright訫 2012, Information Institute of HAAS. All rights reserved Plant Protection
DOI:10.16175/j.cnki.1009-4229.2012.01.019
Agricultural Science & Technology2012
Vol.13, No.1, 2012 Agricultural Science & Technology
ble) was prepared. Rectangle agar
block cutting by the antiseptic scalpel
was put on the clean slide glass,
daubed with a ring of conidial suspen-
sion taken by the micro-loop, making it
as disperse as possible, and then this
slide glass was transferred under the
low power lens of the microscope to
microscopic examine single conidium,
making circle marks on the back of the
slide at where there was single spore;
microscopic examination was carried
out again to detect the distribution of
spores in small range, after the
monospore was assured, cutting the
small agar block at the mark and
transferred to the PSA plate to culture
in 25 ℃, thus the mono-spore strains
of the pathogenic bacteria was
obtained.
Microscopic examination of mor-
phological characteristics The
morphologies and living styles of the
mycelium, conidium and conidium
stem were microscopic examined by
the fungus micro culture method [4-6].
Small piece of PDA culture was cut by
using antiseptic scalpel and put in the
middle of the microslide, inoculated
with small amount of spores on the
edge, covered with the sterilized cover
glass, and then put in the culture dish
to culture in constant temperature of
25 ℃ to culture for 3 -5 d. Removing
the agar block after visible mycelium
appeared around the agar block, a
drop of medan emulsion oil was added
to the microslied for microscopic
examination .
Measurement of biological charac-
teristics Measurement of mycelial
growth speed: the pure culture was put
on the PDA plate culturing for 5 d, then
a puncher with the diameter of 7 mm
was used to punch bactria plates on
the PDA, the punched bacteria plate
was then transplanted to the middle of
the PDA plate, repeated for 3 times.
After 3 d culture in 25 ℃ , the diame-
ters of the colonies were measured,
and the mean value of 3 repeated
measurement was taken.
Observation of colony character-
istics: after measuring the growth
speed, the above plates growing
colonies were continued culturing for
10 d more, in this period, observing
every 1-2 d, recording colony diame-
ters and luster changes.
Effects of different nutritional con-
ditions on Fusarium oxysporum
Schl. f. sp
Effects of different culture mediums
on Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp
Effect on the mycelial growth of
Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp
Testing culture medium[4]: agar culture
medium (1 000 ml of ddH2O, 15g of a-
gar), PDA (1 000 ml of ddH2O, 200 g of
potato for boiling juice, 20 g of su-
crose, 20 g of agarr), bean sprouts
juice culture medium I (1 000 ml of
ddH2O, 125 g of bean sprouts for boil-
ing juice, 20 g of agar), the bean
sprouts juice culture mediumⅡ (1 000
ml of ddH2O, 125 g of bean sprouts for
boiling juice, 20 g of agar, 2.5 g of glu-
cose), tomato juice culture medium I
(1 000 g of ddH2O, 125 g tomato for
boiling juice, 20 g of agar), tomato
juice culture medium Ⅱ (1 000g of
ddH2O, 125 g of tomato for boiling
juice, 20 g of agar, 2.5 g of glucose),
potato culture medium I (1 000 g of
ddH2O, 125 g of potato, 20 g of agar),
potato culture mediumⅡ (1 000 g of
ddH2O, 125 g of potato, 20 g of agar,
2.5 g of glucose), starch culture medi-
um (1 000 ml of ddH2O, 30 g of starch,
20 g of agar) and oats culture medium
(30 g of oats, 1 000 ml of ddH2O, 20 g
of agar). Under aseptic condition, the
bacterial plates with diameter of 7 mm
were inoculated on each testing medi-
um, with 3 repetitions for each treat-
ment, and put in 25℃ for culturing, ob-
serving the morphologies and measur-
ing the diameters of the colonies every
day. The mycelial growth speed for-
mula was:
Mycelial growth speed (cm/d) =
[(Colony diameter -Bacterial plate di-
ameter)/2]/Growth days
Effect on the conidial production of
Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp
Testing culture mediums were the
same as in “different cultures on
mycelial growth”. Under aseptic condi-
tion, the bacterial plates with diameter
of 7 mm were inoculated on each
testing medium, with 3 repetitions for
each treatment, and put in 25 ℃ for
culturing, then the sterilized ddH2O
was used to wash each plate to make
conidial suspension. Then the con-
centration of conidia was determined
by using blood counting chamber un-
der 10 ×40 times microscope, which
was used as the evaluation indicator of
conidial production.
Effects of different carbon sources
on Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp
Effect on the mycelial growth of
Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp
The basic culture medium was Czapek
culture medium[4], its ingredient includ-
ed: 3.0 g of sodium nitrate, 1.0 g of
dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, 0.5
g of potassium chloride, 0.5 g of mag-
nesium sulfate, 0.01 g of ferrous sul-
fate, 30.0 g of sucrose, 30.0 g of agar-
agar, 1 000 ml of ddH2O. On the basis
of molecular formula and molecular
weight of sucrose, the figured out car-
bon amount of 30 g sucrose was 12.62
g, then 12.62 g of 6 other carbon
sources, including glucose, maltose,
glycerin, soluble starch, etc, were sub-
stituted the sucrose as the basic medi-
ums, respectively, obtaining different
carbon source culture mediums, and
the medium with no carbon source
treatment was set as the control. Un-
der aseptic condition, the bacterial
plates with diameter of 7 mm were in-
oculated on different carbon source
culture mediums, with 3 repetitions for
each treatment, and put in 25 ℃ for
culturing, observing the morphologies
and measuring the diameters of the
colonies every day.
Effect on the conidial production of
Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp
The testing culture mediums were the
same as “carbon sources on mycelial
growth”. The bacterial plates were in-
oculated on each testing medium, with
3 repetitions for each treatment, after
culturing for 8 d, 10 ml sterilized ddH2O
was used to wash each plate to make
conidial suspension. Then the con-
centration of conidium was determined
by using blood counting chamber un-
der 10×40 times microscope.
Effects of different nitrogen sour-
ces on Fusarium oxysporum Schl.
f. sp
Effect on the mycelial growth of
Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp
The basic culture medium was Czapek
culture medium. On the basis of
molecular formula and molecular
weight of sodium nitrate, the figured
out carbon amount of 2.0 g sodium ni-
trate was 0.33 g, then 0.33 g of other
nitrogen sources, including diammoni-
um hydrogen phosphate, ammonium
sulfate, ammonium nitrate, peptone,
etc, were substituted the sodium ni-
trate of the basic medium, respective-
ly, obtaining culture mediums with dif-
ferent nitrogen sources, and the
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Agricultural Science & Technology Vol.13, No.1, 2012
A: Oat; B: Starch; C: Agar; D: Potato I; E: Potato II; F: Bean sprouts I; G: Bean sprouts II; H:
PDA; I: PSA; J: Tomato I; K: Tomato II.
Fig.1 Effects of different mediums on mycelial morphology of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f.
Sp
medium with no nitrogen source treat-
ment was set as the control. Under
aseptic condition, the bacterial plates
with diameter of 7 mm were inoculated
on different nitrogen source culture
mediums, with 3 repetitions for each
treatment, and put in constant temper-
ature of 25 ℃ for culturing, observing
the morphologies and measuring the
diameters of the colonies every day.
Effect on the conidial production of
Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp
The testing culture mediums were the
same as “nitrogen sources on mycelial
growth”. The bacterial plates were in-
oculated on each testing medium, with
3 repetitions for each treatment, after
culturing for 8 d, 10 ml sterilized ddH2O
was used to wash each plate to make
conidial suspension. Then the con-
centration of conidium was determined
by using blood counting chamber un-
der 10×40 times microscope.
Results and Analysis
Identification result of Fusarium
oxysporum Schl. f. sp
According to the result of the mor-
phological characteristics and culture
characters of Fusarium oxysporum
Schl. f. sp, all the tested strains were i-
dentified as Fusarium oxysporum
Schl. f. sp. lagenariae Matuo & Ya-
mamoto according to Booth and the
Nelson’s taxonomy identification sys-
tem of Fusarium oxysporum [6 -7]. The
growth speed was 6.2-8.0 mm/d, and
the pathogenic bacteria presented
even filamentous shape on the PSA
culture medium, while presented faint
yellow to light red on the other medi-
ums. Micro-conidial were large in
quantity, mainly single spore, present-
ing orbicular ovate, kidney-shaped or
ellipse shape with the size of (2.5-5.5)×
(5-20) μm. Macro-conidial were beau-
tiful type with obvious feet, separated
by 3 -7, many 3 separates, the sizes
were (3.5-5.2)×(20-50) μm. Chlamy-
dospore was in spheric or close to
spheric shape, mainly single growing
or double growing, few clustered
growing.
Effects of different nutritional con-
ditions on Fusarium oxysporum
Schl. f. sp
Effects of different culture mediums
on Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp
Effect on the mycelial growth of
Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp
As shown in Table 1 and Fig.1, differ-
ent cultures had different effects on the
mycelial growth of Fusarium oxyspo-
rum Schl. f. sp, which grew well in
PDA, PSA and oats culture mediums,
with the diameters above 6.0 of all
colonies after culturing for 5 d; and the
growth in PDA culture medium was the
best, with colonies spread the whole
medium and presented radial shape
on the edges, close texture, more
aerial mycelia, producing faint yellow
pigment; in tomato I, tomatoⅡ, potato
I, potatoⅡ , bean sprouts I and bean
sprouts Ⅱ culture mediums, the
mycelial growth speed was ordinary,
producing very pale yellow pigment;
while it grew the slowest in water-agar
culture medium, which produced no
pigment. In potato culture medium, the
colony center was yellow while sur-
rounded by white and the color was
very faint; the oats culture medium
colony center presented purple and
with big colonies but sparse mycelia;
the tomato culture medium colony
center presented black brown, with
radial mycelia and light color; the
colony center of bean sprouts culture
medium presented light nacarat with
radial mycelia and white surrounding
color; the starch culture medium
colony center was brown, mycelia ra-
diated and sparse; the color of the
PSA culture medium colony from the
center outwards in turn was black,
brown, khaki, white, mainly deep color
Table 1 Effects of different medium on mycelia growth rate of Fusarium oxysporum Schl.
f. sp
Medium
Colony diameter at different measuring time∥cm Growth
speed∥cm/d3 d 4 d 5 d
PDA 4.28 5.73 7.27 0.66
PSA 3.80 4.80 6.13 0.54
Oats 3.58 4.65 6.00 0.53
Tomato I 3.65 4.37 5.61 0.49
Tomato II 3.28 4.67 5.41 0.47
Potato I 3.23 4.33 5.07 0.44
Potato II 3.35 4.67 5.57 0.49
Bean sprout I 3.30 4.32 5.24 0.45
Bean sprout II 3.38 4.54 5.48 0.48
Starch 4.08 4.28 4.83 0.41
Agar 2.23 3.80 4.50 0.37
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Fig.2 Effects of different mediums on conilial production of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp
with many aerial mycelia presenting
radial shape.
Effect on the conidial production of
Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp
Different cultures had obviously differ-
ent effects on conidial production of
Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp (Fig.
2), and the highest conidial production
was found in PDA culture medium,
follwed by PSA and bean sprout II
culture medium; the conidial produc-
tion of bean sprouts juice I, tomato
juice, oats culture medium, potato and
starch culture medium was low, and
the conidial production of the agar
culture medium was the least.
Effects of different carbon sources
on Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp
Effect on the mycelium growth of
Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp
The testing results of 7 different kinds
of carbon sources (Table 2, Fig.3) indi-
cated that, Fusarium oxysporum Schl.
f. sp could take advantage of all the 7
kinds of carbon sources, including glu-
cose, sucrose, mannitol, soluble
starch. And the mycelia grew the best
in the medium with maltose as carbon
source, which after 8 days’ culture,
the colony diameter reached 5.85 cm,
and presenting round shape with even
and close texture, producing faint yel-
low pigment and lots of aerial mycelia;
followed by glucose, sucrose, soluble
starch and mannitol mediums which
showed fine growth, after 8 days’ cul-
ture the colony diameters all reached
over 5.00 cm, producing faint yellow
pigment; and the growth spped in su-
crose and glycerin mediums were or-
dinary; and the control mycelia without
carbon grew the slowest, producing no
pigment.
Effect on the conidial production of
Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp
The result (Fig.4) indicated that,
Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp could
produce conidia in all 7 mediums with
different kinds of carbon sources, and
the conidial production of the medium
with maltose as carbon source was the
highest, followed by glucose, sucrose,
soluble starch and mannitol mediums,
the conidial production of soluble
starch and glycerin was low, and the
control without carbon was the least.
Effects of different nitrogen sour-
ces on the Fusarium oxysporum
Schl. f. sp
Effect on the mycelial growth of
Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp
The growth speed of Fusarium oxys-
porum Schl. f. sp in 6 mediums with
different kinds of nitrogen sources
were different (Table 3, Fig.5). The
mycelia grew fastest in the peptone
medium, after 8 d the colonies spread
the whole medium and with regular
growth trend, presenting round shape,
tight and even texture, few aerial
mycelia, black in the center and faint
yellow around. Followed by mediums
with potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate,
ammonium nitrate and p diammonium
hydrogen phosphate as nitrogen
sources, which showed quick growth,
after 8 d culture, the colony reached
above 5.00 cm, but the colony grew ir-
regularly, including the medium with
ammonium sulfate as nitrogen source,
the growth of colonies presented den-
droid with sparse mycelia and light
color. The growth of mycelia was slow-
est in the medium with ammonium
sulfate as nitrogen source, the
colonies were thin, sparse mycelia and
producing faint yellow pigment. The
mycelium also grew slowly in the con-
trol which with no nitrogen source,
producing no pigment.
Table 2 Effects of different carbon sources on mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum
Schl .f. sp
Carbon source
Colony diameter at different measuring time∥cm Growth speed
cm/d2 d 3 d 4 d 5 d 6 d 7 d 8 d
Glucose 1.21 1.93 2.47 2.57 4.20 4.80 5.50 0.30
Sucrose 1.22 1.88 2.43 3.10 4.05 4.75 5.60 0.31
Maltose 1.28 1.95 2.72 3.55 4.73 5.24 5.85 0.32
Soluble starch 1.30 1.82 2.52 3.16 3.85 4.38 5.00 0.27
Glycerin 1.23 1.57 1.97 2.85 3.50 4.20 4.50 0.24
Lactose 1.29 1.58 2.20 3.03 3.90 4.45 4.65 0.25
Mannitol 1.15 1.92 2.63 3.65 4.50 5.05 5.75 0.32
CK 0.98 1.40 1.77 2.57 3.43 4.16 4.40 0.23
Table 3 Effects of different nitrogen sources on mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum
Schl.f.sp
Nitrogen source
Colony diameter at different measuring time∥cm/d Growth speed
cm/d2 d 3 d 4 d 5 d 6 d 7 d 8 d
Sodium nitrate 1.38 1.93 2.85 3.55 4.55 5.20 5.80 0.32
Diammonium hydrogen
phosphate 1.38 2.08 2.37 3.08 4.07 4.45 5.00 0.27
Ammonium sulfate 1.80 2.65 3.10 3.45 3.78 3.80 4.17 0.22
Ammonium nitrate 1.38 1.87 2.95 3.55 4.82 5.28 5.60 0.31
Peptone 1.50 2.65 3.47 4.4 5.88 6.39 7.00 0.39
Potassium nitrate 1.58 2.18 3.03 4.00 4.97 5.83 6.50 0.36
CK 1.20 1.85 2.73 3.20 4.50 4.68 4.75 0.25
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Fig.6 Effects of different nitrogen sources on conilial production of Fusarium oxysporum
Schl. f. sp
A: potassium nitrate; B: Sodium nitrate; C: Nck; D: ammonium nitrate; E: Diammonium
hydrogen phosphate; F: Ammonium sulfate; G: Peptone.
Fig.5 Effects of different nitrogen sources on mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum Schl.
f.sp
Fig.4 Effects of different carbon sources on conilial production of Fusarium oxysporum
Schl.f.sp
A: Sucrose; B: Cck; C: Starch; D:Glucose; E: Glycerin; F:Maltose; G: Lactose; H:Mannitol.
Fig.3 Effects of carbon sources on mycelial growth of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp
Effect on the conidial production of
Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f. sp
The effects of different nitrogen
sources on the conidial production
were as shown in Fig.6. It was obvious-
ly indicated that the conidial production
in the medium with peptone as nitro-
gen source was the highest, followed
by mediums with sodium nitrate,
potassium nitrate and ammonium ni-
trate as nitrogen sources, the conidial
production in the medium with di-
ammonium hydrogen phosphate as ni-
trogen source was low, while the coni-
dial production of ammonium sulfate
medium was the least.
Conclusions and Discus-
sions
(1) Morphological identification
and some biological characters deter-
mination was conducted to the pure
culture of Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f.
sp from the bottle gourd planting area
of Hefei. According to the results of the
morphological characteristics and cul-
ture characters of Fusarium oxyspo-
rum Schl. f. sp, all the tested strains
were identified as Fusarium oxyspo-
rum Schl. f. sp. lagenariae Matuo &
Yamamoto according to Booth and the
Nelson’s taxonomy identification sys-
tem of Fusarium oxysporum. The
growth speed was 6.2-8.0 mm/d, and
the pathogenic bacteria presented
even fabric shape on the PSA culture
medium, while presented faint yellow
to light red on the other mediums. Mi-
cro-conidial were large in quantity,
mainly single spore, presenting orbic-
ular ovate, kidney-shaped or ellipse
shape with the size of (2.5-5.5)×(5-
20) μm. Macro-conidial were beautiful
type with obvious feet, 3-7 separates,
many 3 separates, the sizes were
(3.5 -5.2) ×(20 -50) μm. Chlamy-
dospore was in spheric or close to
spheric shape, mainly single or double
birth, few clustered birth.
(2) Fusarium oxysporum Schl. f.
sp could grow in different mediums
and in mediums with different carbon
sources and nitrogen sources, which
all produced spores, but with different
mycelial growth speed and conidial
production. The highest conidial pro-
duction was found in PDA culture
medium, follwed by PSA and bean
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(Continued from page 157)
乌鲁木齐市蔬菜基地土壤有效态铅的空间变异特征
郑 江 1, 2*，王 灵 1 （1.乌鲁木齐市环境监测中心站，新疆乌鲁木齐 830000；2.新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830000）
摘 要 [目的]研究乌鲁木齐市蔬菜基地土壤有效态铅的空间变异特征。[方法]以乌鲁木齐市北郊蔬菜基地为典型区，对干旱区绿洲城市郊区土
壤有效态铅含量的结构特征进行分析，得到该地区有效态铅的空间分布格局并揭示了引起这种分布格局的成因和污染来源。[结果]乌鲁木齐市北
郊蔬菜基地有效态铅属中等变异。半方差函数模型拟合表明有效态铅含量可以用指数函数拟合，且在一定范围内存在空间相关性。采用 Kriging
最优内插法得到了有效态铅含量的空间分布格局，表明土壤有效态铅含量与工业活动、污水灌溉和大气降尘密切相关。[结论]该研究为该区域铅
空间污染源的识别，污染风险评估和污染治理提供了科学依据，对于创造安全、清洁的生产环境和选择合理的蔬菜种植区具有重要意义。
关键词 乌鲁木齐；土壤铅；有效态；空间变异
基金项目 新疆维吾尔自治区高校科学研究计划重点项目( XJEDU2005I08); 中-意环保合作项目。
作者简介 郑江（1976-），男，新疆乌鲁木齐人，工程师，主要从事环境监测与评价研究。*通讯作者。
收稿日期 2011-09-27 修回日期 2011-11-27
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培养基营养条件对瓠瓜枯萎病菌的影响
苏贤岩 1*，王 齐 2，王学峰 1，蒋春荣 3，韩金先 4 （1.安徽省农业科学院植物保护研究所，安徽合肥 230031；2.安徽农业大学植保学院，安徽合肥
230036；3.招远三联化工集团，山东烟台 264000；4.青岛易克斯特农业科技有限公司，山东青岛 266000）
摘 要 [目的]研究不同培养条件对瓠瓜枯萎病菌的影响。[方法]在鉴定了安徽省瓠瓜枯萎病菌病原物的基础上，进一步研究了不同培养基和营
养条件对该病原菌的生长速率及产孢量的影响。[结果]瓠瓜枯萎病菌在不同培养条件下的生长速率和产孢量明显不同。PDA培养基最适合该病原
菌的生长，产孢量以其最高；在麦芽糖为碳源或蛋白胨为氮源的培养基上该病原菌生长最快，产孢量最高。[结论]该研究为丰富瓠瓜枯萎病菌生物
学提供了实验依据，并为瓠瓜枯萎病的研究及防治提供了理论基础。
关键词 瓠瓜枯萎病菌；培养基；碳源；氮源；菌丝生长；产孢量
作者简介 苏贤岩（1978-），男，湖北公安人，硕士，从事植物保护研究。*通讯作者，E-mail：sxyyxj2003@126.com。
收稿日期 2011-10-21 修回日期 2011-11-24

sprout II culture medium; the conidial
production of bean sprouts juice I,
tomato juice, oats culture medium,
potato and starch culture medium was
low, and the conidial production of the
agar-agar culture medium was the
least. The growth speed of these
pathogenic bacteria was the fastest in
the medium with maltose as carbon
sources, followed by glucose and su-
crose, the control with no carbon grew
the slowest, and the conidial produc-
tion of the maltose medium was also
the highest, while glycerin with the
lowest conidial production. These
pathogenic bacteria grew the fastest in
the medium with peptone as nitrogen
source, followed by mediums with
sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and
ammonium nitrate as nitrogen sources
which also presented fast growth; the
conidial production of peptone culture
was the highest, while the conidial
production of the mediums with other
nitrogen sources were low, and the
conidial production of ammonium sul-
fate medium was the least.
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Responsible editor: Na LI Responsible proofreader: Xiaoyan WU
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