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Gymnocoronis, a new naturalized genus of the tribe Eupatorieae, Asteraceae in China

中国菊科泽兰族的一个新归化属——裸冠菊属


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全 文 :植 物 分 类 学 报 45 (3): 329–332(2007) doi:10.1360/aps06198
Acta Phytotaxonomica Sinica http://www.plantsystematics.com
———————————
2006-12-11 收稿, 2007-03-22 收修改稿。
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(30670148)(Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China, Grant No.
30670148)
* E-mail:
中国菊科泽兰族的一个新归化属——裸冠菊属
1高天刚* 2刘 演
1(系统与进化植物学国家重点实验室, 中国科学院植物研究所 北京 100093)
2(广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所 桂林 541006)
Gymnocoronis, a new naturalized genus of the tribe
Eupatorieae, Asteraceae in China
1GAO Tian-Gang* 2LIU Yan
1(State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing 100093, China)
2(Guangxi Institute of Botany, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and the Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Guilin 541006, China)
Abstract Gymnocoronis DC., a new naturalized genus of the tribe Eupatorieae, Asteraceae
in China, was found in Guangxi, southern China. Morphologically it is related to
Adenostemma, but differs in the absence of a pappus. Gymnocoronis spilanthoides (D. Don ex
Hook. & Arn.) DC., the only one representative species of the genus in China, is described
based on the specimens collected in Guangxi, China. Its distribution and possible pathways
into China are also discussed.
Key words Gymnocoronis, Gymnocoronis spilanthoides (D. Don ex Hook. & Arn.) DC.,
Asteraceae, Eupatorieae, naturalized genus, China.
摘要 报道了在华南地区广西发现的菊科Asteraceae泽兰族Eupatorieae一个新归化属——裸冠菊属
Gymnocoronis DC.。它在形态上接近于下田菊属Adenostemma J. R. Forst. & G. Forst., 但区别在于裸冠菊
属无冠毛。依据在中国所采集的标本详细描述了该属在中国的唯一代表种裸冠菊Gymnocoronis
spilanthoides (D. Don ex Hook. & Arn.) DC.的形态特征, 并讨论了其地理分布和进入中国的可能途径。
关键词 裸冠菊属; 裸冠菊; 菊科; 泽兰族; 归化属; 中国
2006年11月, 笔者在广西野外考察期间发现了一种以前从未见过的生于水边湿地的
菊科Asteraceae植物, 并将其系统位置确定为泽兰族Eupatorieae。笔者先后两次采集到该
植物的标本20余份, 在室内解剖鉴定, 发现这是一个过去在中国从未有记录的属——
Gymnocoronis DC., 该植物为Gymnocoronis spilanthoides (D. Don ex Hook. & Arn.) DC.,
属于泽兰族的下田菊亚族Adenostemmatinae。按照King和Robinson (1987)的研究 ,
Gymnocoronis属植物共有5种, 主要分布于美洲的热带和亚热带地区。该属植物近似于下
田菊属Adenostemma J. R. Forst. & G. Forst., 但在冠毛这一性状上完全不同, 下田菊属的
冠毛棒槌状, 3–5个, 顶端球形, 具粘液腺, 而Gymnocoronis属植物的冠毛完全缺如。按照
该属植物的形态学特征及其属名拉丁文的意义, 笔者将该属的中文名定为裸冠菊属, 相
植 物 分 类 学 报 45 卷 330
应地, Gymnocoronis spilanthoides (D. Don ex Hook. & Arn.) DC.的中文名为裸冠菊。
属的特征简略描述如下(依据King & Robinson, 1974, 1987; Bremer, 1994):
裸冠菊属 新拟
Gymnocoronis DC. in Prodr. 5: 106. 1836. Lectotype: G. attenuata DC.
一年生或多年生草本, 半水生; 茎具棱角; 叶对生, 无柄或具柄。头状花序聚伞状。
总苞片约2层, 非覆瓦状, 等长或近等长, 狭长圆形; 花序托凸起。一个头状花序内有小
花50–200个, 花冠狭漏斗状, 花冠裂片三角形, 花丝顶端略扩大, 花药顶端附属物小; 花
柱分枝顶端狭长卵形。瘦果棱柱状, (4–)5肋, 肋间具腺体。无冠毛。该属植物共5种, 主
要分布于美洲热带和亚热带地区的湿地环境中。
裸冠菊 新拟
English names: Senegal tea plant, Temple plant, Giant green hygro
Gymnocoronis spilanthoides (D. Don ex Hook. & Arn.) DC. in Prodr. 7: 266. 1838.
——Alomia spilanthoides D. Don ex Hook. & Arn. in Hook., Comp. Bot. Mag. 1: 238. 1835.
——Gymnocoronis attenuata DC. in Prodr. 5: 106. 1836.
依据笔者所采集的盛花期标本, 其形态特征详细描述如下:
多年生草本(图1), 株高45–80 cm。茎直立, 有时下部有略横卧的匍匐茎, 不分枝或者
自茎上部具对生的分枝, 茎6棱形, 较粗大的茎中空, 表面有时具深绿色条纹, 具稀疏腺
毛, 老时近无毛。叶密集, 对生, 具柄, 基部叶较大, 向顶端逐渐变小; 叶片披针形至卵
状披针形, 长4.5–17 cm, 宽1.5–4.8 cm, 顶端急尖, 基部宽或窄楔形, 边缘具锯齿, 上部
叶近乎全缘, 两面无毛或仅幼叶两面具极稀疏的腺毛, 叶脉近羽状(图4)。叶柄长0.7–2.8
cm, 有狭翼, 茎顶端的叶近乎无柄。头状花序在茎上部排列成疏圆锥状聚伞花序(图3),
花序梗密被腺毛, 小花受精后下垂。总苞半球形, 长约6 mm, 宽约6 mm。总苞片20–30
个, 约2层, 近等长, 条形, 顶端渐尖或略钝, 总苞片外面密被细小的腺毛; 花序托略凸
起, 具明显的近多边形小窝孔, 窝孔之间具松软组织, 无毛, 无托片。小花70–80个(图2),
花冠狭漏斗形, 长3.5–3.9 mm, 表面生腺体, 花冠裂片远轴面腺体较密(图5); 新鲜时花冠
筒淡紫红色, 花冠裂片绿色, 干后全部变为污黄色; 花冠裂片三角形, 长宽近相等; 花丝
顶端增大, 圆筒形(图6); 花药顶端附属物小, 不明显; 花柱基部不扩大, 无毛; 花柱分枝
白色, 伸出花冠, 伸出部分明显超过花冠的长度, 分枝顶端狭长卵形, 略肥厚, 基部两侧
具两条明显的柱头线(图7), 黄色。未成熟瘦果棱柱状, 长约1.3 mm, 具5肋, 肋间具明显
细小腺点(图8), 外层瘦果略弯曲, 内层的不弯曲。冠毛缺如。花期10–11月。
China. Guangxi (广西): Yangshuo (阳朔), on the bank of Lijiang River (漓江岸边), in
the silt, alt. 110 m, 2006-11-05, T. G. Gao (高天刚) 3381 (PE); Yangshuo Town (阳朔镇), in
the silt, alt. 130 m, 2006-11-08, T. G. Gao (高天刚) 3382 (PE)。
该种的自然分布区主要位于南美洲的热带和亚热带地区, 包括智利、秘鲁、阿根廷、
玻利维亚、巴拉圭和乌拉圭, 墨西哥也有分布, 它们喜欢生长于湿地环境中(King &
Robinson, 1974, 1987; Cabrera, 1996)。现在其分布区已经扩展到澳大利亚和新西兰
(Department of the Environment and Heritage, 2003)以及匈牙利(ISSG, 2006)、印度(PIER, 2005)
和日本(Suyama, 2001)等地。
3 期 高天刚, 刘演: 中国菊科泽兰族的一个新归化属——裸冠菊属 331
































图1–8 裸冠菊 1. 植株外形。2. 头状花序(除去总苞片)。3. 花序。4. 叶(背面)。5. 管状花。6. 雄蕊(花丝顶端增
大)。7. 花柱分枝(示柱头线)。8. 瘦果(未成熟, 示腺点)。
Figs. 1–8. Gymnocoronis spilanthoides (D. Don ex Hook. & Arn.) DC. 1. Habit. 2. Capitulum (involucral bracts
removed). 3. Capitulescence. 4. Leaves (beneath). 5. Floret. 6. Stamen (anther corolla enlarged). 7. Style branch (showing
stigmatic lines). 8. Achene (immature, showing glands).

裸冠菊可能是通过水族馆贸易传播到中国的, 目前在一些中文商业网站上还可以看
到出售该种的广告。从该种在全世界的扩散趋势来看, 在我国海外贸易频繁的华南、华
植 物 分 类 学 报 45 卷 332
东地区其他省份都有可能发现其踪迹。该种由于对湿地生态系统有明显的影响, 引起了
许多国家的注意 , 如澳大利亚 , 该国相关部门已经采取了积极的监控和防治措施
(Department of the Environment and Heritage, 2003)。该种在华南地区的出现应当引起我国外
来生物研究和管理部门的注意。
致谢 感谢李振宇和陈艺林两位教授提出修改意见; 野外考察中高海山、许为斌和邓云
飞三位先生给予许多帮助, 谨此致谢。
参 考 文 献
Bremer K. 1994. Asteraceae: Cladistics and Classification. Oregon: Timber Press.
Cabrera Á L. 1996. Gymnocoronis. In: Spichiger R, Ramella L eds. Flora Del Paraguay. Genève:
Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques; St-Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden. 25: 206.
Department of the Environment and Heritage. 2003[2006-11-16]. Senegal tea plant. http://www.deh.gov.au/
biodiversity/invasive/weeds/weeds-alert/g-spilanthoides.html.
ISSG (Invasive Species Specialist Group). [2006-11-16]. The Global Invasive Species Database. http://www.
issg.org.
King R M, Robinson H. 1974. Studies in the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae): 127. Additions to the American and
Pacific Adenostemmatinae Adenostemma, Gymnocoronis and Sciadocephala. Phytologia 29 (1): 1–20.
King R M, Robinson H. 1987. The Genera of the Eupatorieae (Asteraceae). Monographs in Systematic Botany
From the Missouri Botanical Garden Vol. 22. St. Louis: the Missouri Botanical Garden.
PIER (Pacific Island Ecosystems at Risk). 2005[2006-11-16]. Gymnocoronis spilanthoides. http://www.hear.
org/pier/index.html.
Suyama C. 2001. A new naturalized plant, Gymnocoronis spilanthoides DC., in Japan. Journal of
Phytogeography and Taxonomy 49: 183–184.