A new species，Taraxacum xinyuanicum D．T．Zhai et Z．X．An from Xinjiang is described．The species is morphologically similar to T．officinale and T．compoctum，but corollas of the species are glabrous and pappi are shorter than those in the latters．Besides，the comparison of size and abortive rate of pollen grains and chromosome number from 3 species is made in the paper．