Abstract:BMSCs (bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells， BMSCs) have been proven to improve the prognosis of various central nervous system diseases. However， they could barely achieve long-term survival and neural differentiation in the lesion sites when they were transplanted alone. Recent studies have shown that collagen scaffold is capable of enhancing the proliferation， survival and differentiation of BMSCs， which in turn strengthens the effect of BMSCs in repairing damaged tissue and reconstructing nervous function. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current progress of BMSCs in treatment of central nervous system diseases， the application of collagen and its modification as biomaterial， as well as the combination of BMSCs and collagen scaffold on treatment of central nervous system diseases.