Abstract:The genus Clostridium comprises a number of spore forming Gram positive， rod shaped bacilli. They are widely distributed on the earth including the soil， marine and freshwater sediments. They are also found in the intestines of domestic animals， chickens， and mammalian species such as humans. Many Clostridial species produce medically important neurotoxins. For example， botulinum neurotoxin， tetanus neurotoxin， and epsilon toxin were produced by Clostridium botulinum， C. tetani， and C. perfringens respectively. These neurotoxins are extremely potent， and are responsible for many diseases of human or animals， such as botulism， tetanus， and enterotoxemia. So， there have been many studies on these neurotoxins and new achievements have been made in fields of structures， receptors， detection， and prevention in recent years. The purpose of this paper is to review the advances on Clostridial neurotoxins in respect of structures， receptors， monitoring， and prevention.