作 者 ：刘洋,蒙吉军,朱利凯
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 24期 页码：6980~6989
关键词：区域生态安全格局；土地利用；景观格局优化；空间模型；
Keywords:ecological security pattern, land use, landscape pattern optimization, spatially explicit model,
摘 要 ：如何构建一个安全的区域生态格局，对土地可持续利用和区域生态安全有重要意义。区域生态安全格局的构建需要多学科的综合、多角度的分析和多种实现手段的结合，一般从景观格局优化、土地资源优化配置和景观恢复等途径入手，构建结构合理、功能高效、关系协调的区域生态安全模式。在分析国内外相关研究进展的基础上，对区域生态安全格局构建在数量优化、空间优化和综合优化等方法进行了总结，在此基础上提出了构建区域生态安全格局的思路：区域生态现状评价、情景预案与目标设定、区域生态安全格局设计、方案实施及其效果评价、方案调整与管理。未来区域生态安全格局研究的趋势表现为：空间优化模型的进一步改进；区域生态安全标准量化的探索；注重公众参与机制和不同组织水平利益相关者的协调。
Abstract:How to design a safe ecological pattern is significant for sustainable land use and regional ecological security, and it has become an international hot issue. The construction of the ecological security pattern needs the integration of multiple disciplines, perspectives and approaches. The theoretical foundation of the construction involves landscape ecology, disturbance ecology, conservation ecology, restoration ecology, ecological economics, ecological ethics and integrated ecosystem theory, and so on. Generally, various methods are applied to build an ecological security pattern with a reasonable structure, an efficient function and a harmonious relationship, e.g. landscape pattern optimization, optimal allocation of land resources, landscape restoration, and so on. In this paper, through reviewing the previous studies in this field, the approaches of building ecological security pattern are summed up as three categories: quantitative optimization, spatially explicit optimization, and integrative optimization, and then the applicability, advantages and disadvantages, and improvement of different approach are discussed. Quantitative optimization models include system dynamics and optimization techniques such as linear programming, nonlinear programming, multi-objective optimization, dynamic programming, and so on. Generally speaking，quantitative optimization models could optimize the allocation of quantitative structure of land use, but could not make an optimal allocation spatially. Spatially explicit optimization models mainly cover cellular automata and landscape pattern optimization models such as minimum cumulative resistance, Gap analysis, landscape ecological restoration and reconstruction, and so on. Integrative optimization mainly contains CLUE-S model and integrated model. The synthesis of various methods, such as the combination of multi-objective optimization, GIS, BP network, and CA model, is a more desirable approach to build the regional ecological security pattern considering the lack of a full-fledged theory. Taking into consideration the drawbacks and limits of each approach, the general procedures of the construction of the ecological security pattern are proposed: (1) to analyze and evaluate the regional eco-environment conditions, including the aspects of land-use dynamics, land suitability assessment, and regional ecological security assessment; (2) to determine the overall objectives through making the prediction and comparison of different scenarios; (3) to design the regional ecological security pattern by choosing appropriate models; (4) to calibrate the aforementioned regional ecological security pattern by implementing the designed scheme, monitoring its effect, and collecting the feedbacks; and (5) to implement the planning program. The ultimate planning program is carried out, and the corresponding management measures should be taken to guarantee the effective implementation and further to ameliorate the regional environment. In the future, priorities should be given to the following aspects: (1) to further improve the spatially explicit optimization model so as to better build regional ecological security pattern both quantitatively and spatially; (2) to gauge the level of regional ecological security and to ensure the quantification of the standard of regional ecological security not only to reflect the aim of ecological security, but also to keep pace with socio-economic development and ecological environment improvement; and (3) to pay more attention to the willingness and interests of the masses and the coordination of the benefits of stakeholders at different levels to ensure that the planning program is more practical and effective.
全 文 ：