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作 者 ：王鹏程*,邢乐杰,肖文发,黄志霖,潘磊,曾立雄

期 刊 ：生态学报 2009年 29卷 1期 页码：97~107

关键词：三峡库区；森林生态系统；有机碳密度；有机碳储量；

Keywords:Three Gorges Reservoir Area, forest ecosystems, organic carbon density, organic carbon storage,

摘 要 ：森林生态系统作为陆地生态系统的重要组成部分，在减缓全球气候变化过程中发挥重要作用。基于104块样地调查和森林资源二类清查数据，运用GIS平台，对三峡库区森林生态系统有机碳密度及储量进行研究，结果表明：（1）三峡库区森林优势树种各器官的含碳率为44.59%～54.45%，森林凋落物含碳率为30.61%～42.73%，平均为36.38％；（2）三峡库区森林生态系统平均碳密度为117.68t·hm-2，低于我国森林平均水平；植被层碳密度平均为24.15 t·hm-2，其中常绿阔叶林植被层碳密度最高，达42.80 t·hm-2；枯落物层平均碳密度为2.74 t·hm-2，土壤有机碳密度平均为9.09 kg·m-2；（3）三峡库区森林生态系统总有机碳储量为286.14×106t，其中植被层碳储量为58.72×106t，凋落物碳储量为6.67×106t，土壤碳储量为220.74×106t；（4）三峡库区马尾松林分布面积最大，其总有机碳储量为77.24×106t，占三峡库区森林有机碳总储量的26.99%；在各森林类型中，马尾松林植被层、凋落物层和土壤层有机碳储量均最高，分别达到20.70 × 106t、2.66×106t和53.89×106t；（5）三峡库区森林有机碳密度呈现“东高西低”分布格局，巴东-秭归、巫山-巫溪、石柱-武隆及江津南部有机碳密度较高。在三峡库区提高森林质量、扩大森林面积是增强森林生态系统碳汇功能的有效途径。

Abstract:Forest ecosystem is a vital component of terrestrial ecosystems and plays an important role in mitigating the global climate change. Using GIS technology, we evaluated data collected in 104 plots and the forestry inventory data, to estimate the organic carbon storage in forest ecosystems in the Three Gorges Reservoir region, The tissues carbon content of dominant species varied between 44.59% and 54.45%, and the carbon content of forest litter ranged from 30.61% to 42.73% with an average of 36.38％. The mean organic carbon density of forest ecosystems was 117.68t?hm-2 that is lower than the average value for whole China. The average organic carbon density in vegetation layer was 24.15 t?hm-2 with the greatest density of 42.80 t?hm-2 in the evergreen broad-leaved forest. The mean organic carbon density of litter and soil was 2.74 t?hm-2 and 9.09 kg?m-2 , separately. The total organic carbon storage of forest ecosystems was about 286.14×106t, consisted of the vegetation layer (58.72×106t), litter (6.67×106t) and soil (220.74×106t). Pinus massoniana forests with the largest distribution area had the largest carbon storage of 77.24×106t, accounted for 26.99% of the total carbon storage in the region. Correspondingly, the vegetation layer, litter, and soil of Pinus massoniana forests had also the highest carbon storage of 20.70×106, 2.66×106, and 53.89×106t, compared with other forest types, respectively. The organic carbon density of forest ecosystems decreased from the southeastern area to the northwestern area. The highest density was found in Badon-Zigui,Wushan-Wuxi, Shizhi-Wulong, and southern Jiangjin. The present study revealed that both the quality and area of forest systems play an important role in determining the carbon storage. Hence, to enhance the carbon sink, it is needed to improve the forest quality and to expend the forest area.

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