期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 6期 页码：2937~2937～2944
Keywords:pigs, CAST gene, genetic polymorphisms, genetic effects,
摘 要 ：CAST基因作为肉质性状的主要候选基因。以80头外来猪和190头地方猪为材料，在CAST基因内含子24上检测到两个多态性位点(A916G 和C1633G )。在916位点上，长白猪和大白猪以A基因为优势基因，其频率分别为0.88和1.00；莱芜猪，大薄莲猪，沂蒙黑猪和里岔黑猪以B基因为优势基因，其频率分别为0.93, 0.97, 0.78和0.68。在1633位点上，长白猪和大白猪以C基因为优势基因，其频率分别为0.82和0.79； 莱芜猪，大薄莲猪，沂蒙黑猪和里岔黑猪以D基因为优势基因，其频率分别为1.00, 1.00, 0.88, 0.78。在试验猪种中，共检测到6种单倍型（AACC，AACD，AADD，ABCC，BBCC，BBDD）。单倍型分布的多重比较结果表明，外来猪种（长白猪和大白猪）与地方猪种（莱芜猪，大薄莲猪，沂蒙黑猪和里岔黑猪）比较差异极显著（P < 0.01）。固定效应模型分析结果表明，嫩度，屠宰45 min后pH值和滴水损失单倍型间差异显著（P < 0.05）。最小二乘分析结果表明，外来猪种与地方猪种在嫩度，屠宰45 min后pH值和滴水损失间差异显著（P < 0.05）。BBDD单倍型个体与其它单倍型个体比较，嫩度及滴水损失差异显著（P < 0.05）；AADD，BBCC，BBDD单倍型个体与其它单倍型个体比较，屠宰45 min后pH值差异显著（P < 0.05）。因此，在育种过程中将CAST基因应用于标记辅助选择，将有利于改善猪肉品质，加快育种进程。
Abstract:Calpastatin (CAST) was considered to be a candidate gene for meat quality traits. Two substitutions (A916G and C1633G) in intron 24 of porcine CAST gene were genotyped on a total of 270 animals, including 190 from four Chinese and 80 from two Western pig lines. At 916 site, allele B was the dominant gene in Laiwu Black, Dapuliang，Yimeng and the Licha Black pigs having frequencies of 0.93, 0.97, 0.78 and 0.68, respectively and allele A was the dominant gene in the Landrace and the Large White having frequencies of 0.88 and 1.00, respectively; At 1633 site, allele C was the dominant gene in the Landrace and the Large White having frequencies of 0.82 and 0.79, respectively and allele D was the dominant gene in the Laiwu，the Dapuliang，the Yimeng and the Licha Black pigs having frequencies of 1.00, 1.00, 0.88 and 0.78, respectively. Six haplotypes（AACC，AACD，AADD，ABCC，BBCC，BBDD）were examined in the tested pig breeds. The results show that: Firstly, the Landrace and the Large White breeds differed significantly（P < 0.01）in haplotype distribution from the Laiwu，the Dapuliang，the Yimeng and the Licha Black breeds; Secondly, association analyses between haplotypes and meat quality traits demonstrated that CAST haplotype was significantly associated with higher tenderness, higher pH at postmortem 45 min, and lower drip loss（P < 0.05）; Thirdly, using least square analysis, it was seen that significant differences（P < 0.05）were found in the tenderness, the pH of postmortem 45 min and the drip loss between the exotic pig breeds (the Landrace and the Large White) and the native pig breeds(the Laiwu，the Dapuliang，the Yimeng and the Licha Black). Individuals of the BBDD haplotype had significantly higher (P < 0.05) tenderness and lower drip loss than those of the other haplotypes, and the pigs of the AADD，BBCC，and BBDD haplotypes had significantly lower (P < 0.05) pH of postmortem 45 min than those of the other haplotypes. The CAST gene can be used in marker-assisted selection to provide significant improvements for meat quality and to accelerate the breeding progress.
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