作 者 ：王金秋,成功
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 24期 页码：6845~6853
Keywords:roughskin sculpin, Trachidermus fasciatus, geographical distribution, historical,
摘 要 ：淞江鲈（Trachidermus fasciatus Heckel）隶属于鲉形目杜父鱼科淞江鲈鱼属，是中国四大淡水名鱼之一。该物种属暖温性底层小型肉食性降海洄游鱼类，曾在中国东南沿海地区较为常见，但近几十年来在许多地区却难以找到其踪迹。为查明其分布区的历史变化，1999年开始，通过查询文献资料和标本馆藏，结合实地考察，比较分析了有记载以来中国境内淞江鲈种群地理分布的历史变迁。结果显示，历史上，淞江鲈广泛分布于环太平洋的渤海、黄海、东海沿岸及与之相通的河流中。文献资料记载的分布区涵盖辽宁、河北、山东、江苏、浙江、福建、台湾7省和天津、上海2市；馆藏标本记录的仅涵盖辽宁、河北、山东、江苏、浙江5省和天津、上海2市；实地调查的现有种群分布区已退缩为辽宁、山东、浙江3省。造成淞江鲈种群分布区减小的原因主要在于人类干扰导致环境污染、洄游通道受阻、产卵场破坏等，致使其生存生境质量显著下降，甚至丧失，以至于其无法完成整个生命周期。基于目前的状况，建议进一步加强对该物种的拯救工作，进一步完善保护措施，使得该物种免遭灭绝之厄运。
Abstract:Roughskin sculpin (Trachidermus fasciatus Heckel) belonging to Scorpaeniformes, Cottidae, a valuable and rare species, is one of the most four famous freshwater fishes in China. Inhabiting the coast of warm temperature zone, roughskin sculpin is a small, benthonic, carnivorous and catadromous species. In the recordation in the world, it is found on west and south sides of the Korean Peninsula and in the coast of Kyushu in Japan. At once time, roughskin sculpin was a common species at the south-eastern seaboard in Chinese territory, especially in the Songjiang area which is near from the estuary of the Yangtze River. However, the influence of rapid economic and social development on the natural environment led to tremendous change of the natural habitat of roughskin sculpin in recent decades, even loss, so that it is difficult to find its traces in many areas. Therefore, roughskin sculpin had been included in the List of the Wildlife under Special State Protection as a Class Ⅱ protected animal by Chinese government in 1988. Due to its complex life history, the breeding and growth of roughskin sculpin depends on the different habitats including oceans, estuaries and river. As a ferocious carnivorous fish with large food consumption, it needs to live in an area with plenty of food resources. Thus the roughskin sculpin is an important ecological indicator species as well. The increase and decline of wild populations of roughskin sculpin responds directly to environment changes in a natural ecosystem. Therefore, this study has important ecological significance. In order to identify the historical changes in China, we compared and analyzed the historical information in geographical distribution for the population of roughskin sculpin in China by querying the literature since records began and specimen collections in museums and fieldwork since 1999. The results showed that roughskin sculpin had distributed widely in the coast of Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea coastal waters and the rivers flowing into these water bodies in Chinese territory, historically. From the literatures, it can be found that roughskin sculpin’s traditional distribution districts covers seven provinces and two cities including Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Fujian, Taiwan, Tianjin and Shanghai. However，the information from specimen collections indicates that its distributions area covers only five provinces and two cities, i.e., Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Tianjin and Shanghai. Nevertheless, fieldwork showed the alarming result that the distribution area of the existing population has been reduced to only three provinces, i.e., Liaoning, Shandong and Zhejiang provinces, which means that roughskin sculpin has been an endangered species until now. The sharp narrowing of the distribution area of roughskin sculpin mainly caused by the consequences of human interferences, including environmental pollution, blocked migration channels, destruction of spawning fields, et., which led to significant decline in environmental quality in the majority of its original habitat, or even habitat loss. As a result, it is difficult for roughskin sculpin to survive, migrate, reproduce and complete the entire life cycle. Based on the current situation, it is suggested to further strengthen the work to save the species, to further improve the protective measures, and then to protect the species from extinction.
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