摘 要 ：研究了十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚(TritonX-100)等不同离子类型的表面活性剂对水稻土中重金属的解吸效果，并采用盆栽实验研究了上述3种表面活性剂对Zn超富集植物长柔毛委陵菜(Potentilla griffithii var. velutina)的生物量、吸收和富集重金属的影响。结果表明：CTAB对水稻土中Zn、Pb、Cd和Cu的解吸效果好于SDBS和TritonX-100，而且3种表面活性剂对各重金属的解吸率大小都为Cd>Zn>Cu>Pb。3种表面活性剂促进长柔毛委陵菜叶、柄和根的生物量增加了0.2～2.5倍，并且长柔毛委陵菜各部位的生物量大小为叶>柄>根。3种表面活性剂都增加了长柔毛委陵菜各部位对Zn、Cd吸收及其叶和柄对Pb、Cu的吸收，同时显著促进Zn、Pb、Cd和Cu从植物根部向地上部转运，从而增加了Zn、Pb、Cd和Cu在长柔毛委陵菜地上部的提取量和分布以及长柔毛委陵菜对Zn、Pb、Cd和Cu的富集能力；因此3种表面活性剂都提高了长柔毛委陵菜修复重金属污染土壤的效率。
Abstract:The effect of three surfactants, sodium dodecylbenzene sulphonate (SDBS), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and polyethylene glycol octylphenyl ether (TritonX-100), on desorption of heavy metals in paddy soil, plant biomass, and uptake and accumulation of heavy metals by the Zn hyperaccumulator Potentilla griffithii var. velutina was investigated in pot experiments. CTAB caused greater desorption of Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu from paddy soil than did SDBS or TritonX-100. Desorption of heavy metals was in the order Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb in all surfactant treatments. Biomass of various parts of P. griffithii var. velutina treated by these surfactants was 0.2-2.5 times higher than that in the control, and the biomass was in the order leaf > leafstalk > root. Moreover, the surfactants increased concentration of Zn and Cd in all parts of the plant, and increased the concentration of Pb and Cu in the leaf and the leafstalk. At the same time, the surfactants markedly improved translocation of Zn, Pb, Cd and Cu from root to shoot, resulting in an increased shoot/root ratio. All three surfactants enhanced the phytoremediation efficiency of P. griffithii var. velutina, as measured by its bioaccumulation of heavy metals from contaminated soil.