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作 者 ：申建红,曾波*,施美芬,刘建辉,阿依巧丽

期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 23期 页码：6571~6580

关键词：稗；苍耳；合萌；水蓼；种子储藏；种子萌发；植被恢复；三峡水库消落区；

Keywords:Echinochloa crusgalli, Xanthium sibiricum, Aeschynomene indica, Polygonum hydropiper, seed storage, seed germination, restoration, water-level-fluctuation zone of Three Gorges Reservoir,

摘 要 ：为了明确不同储藏方式和储藏时间对三峡水库消落区4种1年生植物稗(Echinochloa crusgalli)、苍耳(Xanthium sibiricum)、合萌(Aeschynomene indica)和水蓼(Polygonum hydropiper)种子萌发能力的影响，筛选出有利于其萌发的最佳储藏方式及时间，采取5种储藏方式(室温、冷藏、冷冻、干沙、湿沙)、8个储藏时间段(30、60、90、120、150、180、210、240 d)对种子进行储藏实验。在光照培养箱昼25 ℃/夜20 ℃和周期性光照(昼12 h/夜12 h，光强100 μmol?m-2?s-1)条件下进行种子萌发，每次萌发持续时间为30 d。结果显示：(1) 稗、苍耳和水蓼的种子在湿沙储藏条件下萌发起始时间缩短，种子萌发率、萌发指数高于其它储藏方式；湿沙储藏条件下，稗的种子储藏90—180 d萌发率达到80%以上，苍耳的种子储藏180 d萌发率达(64±2)%，水蓼的种子储藏30—240 d萌发率均超过90%。(2) 冷冻储藏能有效地解除合萌种子休眠，显著提高其种子萌发率和发芽指数；冷冻储藏90—180 d合萌的种子萌发率均超过80%，之间没有显著差异。(3) 果皮是限制苍耳种子萌发的主要因素之一，而去除果皮对合萌种子萌发没有显著影响。研究结果建议：采用种子来进行消落区植被恢复和重建时，稗、苍耳和水蓼的最佳储藏方式是湿沙储藏，合萌的最佳储藏方式是冷冻储藏。结合三峡水库水位调度原则，在适宜的储藏方式下，本实验中储藏120—180 d的种子能够应用于消落区实地播种中。

Abstract:Echinochloa crusgalli, Xanthium sibiricum, Aeschynomene indica and Polygonum hydropiper are four common annual species growing in water-level-fluctuation zone of Three Gorges Reservoir. We found that seeds of these four species could tolerate long-term submergence and germinate successfully after water recession through our field observation, accordingly they could be used as promising species for revegetation and restoration of water-level-fluctuation zone. In this research, we studied the effects of storage condition and duration on the seed germination of the four species in order to find suitable ways to store and germinate them, providing information to restore vegetation by seeds in water-level-fluctuation zone of Three Gorges Reservoir. To select the best storage condition and time, we conducted storage experiments on seeds of the four species. We chose five different storage conditions, i.e. dry at room temperature, dry at 4 ℃, dry at -18 ℃, dry at room temperature under 10 cm sand layer and wet at room temperature under 10 cm sand layer. Fresh mature seeds of the four species under different storage conditions were stored through 8 different storage time (30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 210, 240 d). Seed germination experiments were carried out in an illumination incubator (25 ℃ in day and 20 ℃ at night, light period: 12h: 12h and 100 μmol?m-2?s-1 day light intensity) and germination duration time was 30 d. The results showed that: (1) Seeds of E. crusgalli, X. sibiricum and P. hydropiper needed less time to start germination and had a higher seed germination percentage and a higher germination index under wet sand storage condition than under other conditions. In wet sand storage, the seed germination percentage of E. crusgalli after storage time of 90—180 d was higher than 80%, that of X. sibiricum after 180 d was (64±2)%, and that of P. hydropiper after 30—240 d all exceeded 90%. (2) For A. indica, freezing storage was effective to break its seed dormancy, increasing its seed germination percentage and germination index. Seed germination percentage of A. indica was higher than 80% after storage time of 90—180 d. (3) In addition, we found that pericarp was one of the most important factors impeding the seed germination of X. sibiricum, while having no significant effects on the seed germination of A. indica. From the results we concluded that the best storage condition for seeds of E. crusgalli, X. sibiricum and P. hydropiper is wet sand storage, while that for A. indica is freezing storage. Under appropriate storage condition, seeds of the four annual species having been stored for 120—180 d had higher germination percentage and shorter time needed to start germination，basing on the operation principle of Three Gorges Reservoir water level, these seeds could be used in field planting in water-level-fluctuation zone of Three Gorges Reservoir.

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