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作 者 ：贺成龙,吴建华*,刘文莉

期 刊 ：生态学报 2009年 29卷 7期 页码：3549~3558

关键词：水泥；生态足迹；成分法；中国；

Keywords:cement, ecological footprint, component approach, China,

摘 要 ：用生态足迹的成分分析方法首次计算了中国水泥生产的生态足迹，推导出水泥制造业CO2的单位排放量（排放强度）经验公式，水泥制造业CO2的单位排放量与水泥制造业的单位综合能耗呈线性关系，降低单位综合能耗就可降低CO2的单位排放量，进而减小水泥的生态足迹。中国水泥制造业的生态足迹由2000年的1.57×108hm2，增加到2006年的2.61×108hm2，年均增长8.81%，但低于水泥产量的年均增长速度（12.91%），特别是2004年以来，水泥制造业总的生态足迹增长率明显低于水泥总产量的增长率。单位水泥产量的生态足迹呈下降趋势，由2000年的0.2632hm2/t，减少到2006年的0.2109hm2/t。这说明，中国在水泥行业大力开展的节能减排的效果已经显现。从足迹的构成看，排放CO2和氮氧化物的生态足迹占绝对比重（超过90%），这主要是因为水泥制造业是高能耗行业，要减小水泥的生态足迹，必须降低水泥制造业的能耗水平。

Abstract:The cement ecological footprint of China is calculated with component approach for the first time. The experience formula of CO2 emission intensity of cement industry is deduced. It is a linear relation between the emission intensity and the unit comprehensive energy consumption in cement industry. The unit emission quality of CO2 can be cut down by reducing the unit comprehensive energy consumption, in turn the cement ecological footprint decreased. The cement total ecological footprint (EFc) of China is growing, from 1.57×108hm2(2000) to 2.61×108hm2(2006). The yearly average increase 8.81% of EFc is lower than 12.91% of total output of cement. Since 2004, the former is lower than the latter, obviously. The unit cement yield ecological footprint decreases every year, which is from 0.2632hm2/t (2000) to 02109hm2/t (2006).The result shows clearly that the energy conservation and emission reduction effect is appearing in China cement industry. From the constitution of the cement ecological footprint, the ecological footprints of CO2 and NOx reach an absolute proportion (above 90%). The main reason lies in the cement industry high energy consumption. This fact indicates that, to reduce the EFc, it is necessary to decrease energy consumption of cement industry.

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