期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 5期 页码：2013~2013～2021
关键词：三峡库区；消落带；芦苇；穗期；土壤含水量；光合生理响应；叶绿素荧光特性；
Keywords:Three Gorges Reservoir Area, hydro-fluctuation belt, reed (Phragmites communis), heading stage, soil moisture content, photosynthetic physio-response, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters,
摘 要 ：模拟三峡库区消落带土壤含水量变化特征，设置了T1(淹水超过土壤表面2cm)、T2(土壤含水量为田间持水量的70%~100%)、T3(土壤含水量为田间持水量的40%~60%)3个不同处理组，用嘉陵江江水灌溉芦苇(Phragmites communis (reed))，研究了三峡库区不同消落带带位土壤不同含水量条件下芦苇穗期的光合生理生态响应机理和适应对策。结果表明，土壤不同含水量对芦苇植株光合色素、叶片气体交换参数、资源利用效率以及叶绿素荧光参数有不同影响。其中，T1的光合色素含量最低，T3的类胡萝卜素含量最高。在T1条件下，芦苇表现出较低的光能利用率(LUE)、CO2利用率(CUE)、净光合速率(Pn)、电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学荧光猝灭系数(qP)，但与其它耐水淹植物相比，T1条件下的穗期芦苇仍具有较高的光合速率(17067μmol•m-2•s-1)，说明芦苇具有较强的耐水淹能力。在T2和T3条件下，芦苇具有较高的光能利用率(LUE)、CO2利用率(CUE)、净光合速率(Pn)、电子传递速率(ETR)和光化学荧光猝灭系数(qP)。水分利用效率(WUE)大小顺序为T3>T1>T2。虽然T1的PSII有效光化学量子产量(F′v/F′m)最高，T2的光化学荧光猝灭系数(qP)最大，而T3的电子传递效率(ETR)和非光化学淬灭系数(NPQ)最高，表明在高光强和高温条件下，T3具有较强的热耗散能力，能有效保护光合机构，因而光合速率最高（20.47μmol•m-2•s-1）。研究证实芦苇不仅具有耐水湿的特点，还具有耐旱性，芦苇适合作为三峡库区消落带植被恢复建设禾本科先锋物种。
Abstract:After research on soil moisture contents of the hydro——fluctuation belt in Three Gorges Reservoir Area, three different types of water treatment were applied to the reed (Phragmites communis) to determine its photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters. The treatments T1 (with soil being complete submerged 2cm), T2 (with soil water content being 70 % to 100 % of field capacity), T3 (with soil water content 40% to 60 % of field capacity ) simulated the conditions in the hydro-fluctuation belt. The content of photosynthetic pigment, leaf gas exchange parameters, apparent resources use efficiency and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of the reed (Phragmites communis) were clearly different for the three treatments. The T1-plants (i.e. the flooded plants) had the lowest content of photosynthetic pigment, while the T3-plants (i.e. the dry-treatment′ plants) had the highest carotenoids. The T1-plants had the lowest apparent light use efficiency(LUE), apparent CO2 use efficiency(CUE), net photosynthetic rate(Pn), electron transport rate(ETR) and lowest photochemical quenching (qP). However, compared to other plant species, known to have high tolerance to inundation, the flooded reed (Phragmites communis) had still a higher net photosynthetic rate(17.067 mol•m2•s 1). This indicates that reed also has a high tolerance to inundation. The T2- and T3-plants had, compared to the T1-plants, a high light use efficiency(LUE), CO2 use efficiency(CUE) and net photosynthetic rate(Pn), electron transport rate (ETR) and photochemical quenching (qP). The water use efficiency (WUE) of T3-plants was the highest, while that of the T2-plants was the lowest; In the T1-treatment the plants had the highest photochemical quantum efficiency of photo-system II (F′v /F′m ),while for the T2-treatment the highest photochemical quenching (qP) was found. The T3-plants had the highest electron transport rate (ETR) and non- photochemical quenching (NPQ), which indicated that under the high temperature and photosynthetical active radiation condition, those plants were able to protect photosynthetic structures by increasing respiration and thermal dissipiation, and hence maintaining a high photosynthetic rate（20.47μmol•m-2•s-1）.It was also demonstrated that the reed (Phragmites communis) could not only tolerate water submersion and wet condition but also endure drought.Therefore，The reed (Phragmites communis) could be a precedent species for restoration and rehabilitation of vegetation in the hydro-fluctuation belt of Three Gorges reservoir region.
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