作 者 ：武娟妮,石磊*
期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 22期 页码：6208~6217
Keywords:nitrogen metabolism, industrial park, substance flow analysis (SFA), Yixing economic development zone,
摘 要 ：以江苏宜兴经济开发区为例，基于物质流分析构建了工业园区的氮代谢网络和分析方法，解析了工业园区中产业系统和污水处理系统的氮代谢途径和通量。研究表明，氮物质流系统的源和汇比磷物质流系统多，流通量大且较为集中；氮肥生产、纺织印染和食品加工行业是宜兴经济开发区的主要氮排放源；企业自备处理设施除氮效果较好，去除率约79%，而污水处理厂由于设计和运行等原因氮去除率较低，约57%；生活污水氮去除率低；直接排入水体的降水造成的水体负荷约28%。由此，建议企业继续完善企业内处理设施，对集中污水处理厂进行脱氮除磷提标改造，同时加强对园区内生活污水、生活垃圾和企业固体排放物的管理。
Abstract:Being hives of intensive industrial activities, industrial parks become the focus of water pollution control. However, water management at industrial levels is a challenging job because of the diversification of industrial types, complexity of wastewater treatment network, and interactive metabolism of various elements. Industrial metabolism, especially for phosphorus and nitrogen, can present insights for improving water use efficiency and reducing water pollution. Based on previous research of phosphorus metabolism, this paper established a hierarchical nitrogen metabolism framework for industrial parks, by applying substance flow analysis methods. Firstly, a metabolic network was established at the level of the entire park, comprising the resource systems, environmental systems, and the park′s internal and external socio-economic systems. The park′s internal socio-economic systems comprise nitrogen conversion modules and treatment modules. Nitrogen conversion modules contain transportation, industrial systems, domestic sources and ecological process. Nitrogen treatment modules contain water treatment which include pre-processing facilities of enterprises and wastewater plants, and solid waste treatment which include incineration, landfill and hazardous waste treatment. Then, more detailed metabolic networks were delineated for industrial systems and wastewater treatment systems. Industrial systems further divide into six industrial types: heating and power plant, nitrogen fertilizer production, chemical industry, printing and dyeing, food processing, and other industries. Wastewater treatment systems further divided into physical treatment and biochemical treatment. Based on the network topology, the metabolic structure and dynamic mechanism were analyzed to seek measures for improving water use efficiency and reducing water pollution. The case study on the Yixing Economic Development Zone showed the following: a) compared to phosphorus flow systems, nitrogen flow systems contain more modules, and also the flow is much greater and centralized; b) nitrogen fertilizer production, printing and dyeing and food processing, were major water nitrogen-emission industries, accounting for 96.5% of total industrial water nitrogen-generation of the entire park, though however, wastewater of these industries goes through efficient treatment processes; c) opposed to phosphorus treatment, wastewater plants had a lower (about 57%) nitrogen removal ratio than pre-processing facilities of enterprises (about 79%), because of design and operation problems; d) most enterprises of the park have only simple wastewater pre-processing facilities (physical treatment), which can only remove 6% of the nitrogen, and about 56t water nitrogen-generation of the park goes directly into the water bodies just after simple pre-processing; e) untreated precipitation into water bodies causes a high pollution load in water bodies (around 28%), because of the low management ratio of domestic waste and solid waste of enterprises; and f) domestic sewage has low nitrogen removal ratio (about 54%), due to the simple pre-processing of enterprises. Following these results and further discussion, some suggestions were put forth: a) simple wastewater pre-processing and wastewater plant should be improved for higher nitrogen removal ratio; b) wastewater pipeline system of the park should be improved to let more enterprises′ wastewater, especially more domestic sewage be treated by the centralized wastewater treatment plant; and c) domestic waste and industrial solid waste of enterprises should be well managed and treated to avoid nitrogen going directly into water body through precipitation.
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