作 者 ：彭逸生,周炎武,陈桂珠
期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 2期 页码：786~797
Keywords:mangrove, restoration, advances, suggestion,
摘 要 ：红树林是生长在热带、亚热带隐蔽潮间带的独特植物群落，在过去几十年内因人口压力和经济发展而遭到严重破坏，质量下降，面积萎缩。近年来，尽管世界各地采取了一系列措施进行红树林的恢复，然而由于缺乏造林技术资料、造林成活率低下、经营管理粗放，加上人为干扰和自然灾害的影响，红树林面积增长缓慢；造林成活率低依然是制约红树林湿地恢复的主要因素。总结了近年来国内外红树林湿地恢复四个方面的研究成果，即（1）宜林地选择，包括温度、底质、水文的环境条件研究；（2）树种选择与引种，包括乡土树种的选用和外来树种的引种状况；（3）栽培技术的应用，包括造林栽培技术与育苗技术，造林成本的比较；（4）植后管护及监测，包括幼林巡护、病虫害防治、生态监测，结合野外调查的结果，综述了红树林恢复的一些基本原理与应用实例。根据我国红树林湿地恢复的现状，提出今后红树林恢复研究的重点为：开展“退塘还林”工程，监测红树林湿地生态系统生物多样性的恢复，深入探讨红树林的化感作用，营造红树林混交林，实现红树林的生态恢复。
Abstract:Mangroves are the unique intertidal plant formations growing in sheltered tropical and subtropical coastal areas. Due to increasing population and economic development, they had been severely damaged in the last several decades, facing degradation and loss. In recent years, many measures were undertaken to rehabilitate mangroves in different countries. However, followed by anthropologic disturbance and natural disasters, the lacking of technical support for afforestation, lower survival rate of afforestation, and careless managementled to slow enhancementof mangrove area. Then lower survival rate was the primary threshold to mangrove restoration. The recent advances of mangrove restoration within four processes were reviewed, namely: (1) site-species matching, which includes temperature, substrates and hydrological factors of afforestation sites; (2) selection and introduction of mangrove species, that includes status of native species’selection and exotic ones’introduction; (3) applicationof silviculture techniques, including planting, seedling and sapling nursing techniques, and afforestation cost’s comparison; and (4) post-cultivated management and monitoring, including the saplings’ watching, diseases and pests’prevention and resistance, and ecological monitoring. Coupled with the field surveys’results, some basic principles and appliedcases were generalized. Finally, based on the current status of mangrove restoration in China, there is a discussion on the future emphasis of mangrove restoration researches, which is (1) undertaking mangrove rehabilitation in the abandonedaquaculture ponds; (2) monitoring on the restoration of biodiversity in the mangrove ecosystem; (3) researching on allelopathy in mangrove ecosystem more elaborately; (4) afforesting mixed stands with different mangrove species; and at last but not the least (5) implementing ecological restoration of mangrove wetlands.
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