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作 者 ：尚华明,魏文寿,袁玉江*,喻树龙,张同文,瓦合提.艾则买提,李新建

期 刊 ：生态学报 2010年 30卷 9期 页码：2246~2253

关键词：哈萨克斯坦；阿尔泰山；西伯利亚落叶松；树木年轮；响应分异；

Keywords:Kazakhstan, Altai Mountains, Larix sibirica Ledeb., tree ring, divergence response,

摘 要 ：在全球气候变暖的背景下，中高纬度地区出现了树轮宽度对气候的响应分异现象，在阿尔泰山南坡的森林上限，西伯利亚落叶松树轮宽度对生长季温度敏感，该区域树轮宽度对气候要素是否存在响应分异现象还不确定\.建立了哈萨克斯坦境内阿尔泰山南坡的西伯利亚落叶松树轮宽度年表，利用树轮资料和卡通卡拉盖气象站的气象资料，分析了该站1932年以来的温度和降水变化趋势，并利用相关函数分析了树轮宽度对气候要素的响应特征以及对温度响应关系的变化。结果表明：1932年以来该站温度上升趋势明显，特别是冬季的升温最为显著，降水呈微弱的下降趋势；研究区树轮宽度与6月的温度显著正相关，相关系数达到0.60以上，该相关生理学意义明显；滑动序列相关分析表明，树轮宽度对6月温度的响应较为一致，没有出现明显的响应分异现象。还发现了1992年是一个响应异常的年份，是否与1991年的Pinatubo火山爆发有关还有待深入研究。

Abstract:In the mid-to-high latitudes area, evidence for reduced sensitivity of tree growth to increasing temperature has been reported from multiple forests under the global warming background. This phenomenon, known as the “divergence problem” (DP), described the incapacity of temperature-sensitive tree-ring width to track increasing instrumental temperature measurements since the mid-20th century. In this study, the tree ring width at upper tree line was significantly positive relative to mean June temperature in the south slope of Altai Mountains. There is no report on the divergence response phenomena in this region. The time span of meteorological data from Katongkalagai of northeastern Kazakhstan is more than 70 years, much longer than that of western China, which benefited the testing of DP at the south slope of Altai Mountains. In autumn 2007, we took tree-ring samples of Larix sibirica Ledeb. with increment borer at the south slope of Altai Mountains, north eastern Kazakhstan. The tree-ring width series were detrended with negative exponent function and three tree ring width chronologies were developed by ASTAN program. Based on the meteorological data from Katongkalagai weather station, we analyzed the varying trends of precipitation and temperature since 1932. The annual precipitation of Katongkalagai has decreased by the rate of 8.3 mm (10 a)-1, but the decreasing trend could not reach the 95% confidence level. However, the annual mean temperature of Katongkalagai has increased significantly since 1932 by the rate of 0.208 ℃?(10a)-1, and winter temperature has increased by the fastest rate of 0.348 ℃?(10a)-1). This phenomenon, ‘warming in winter’, coincided to the uppermost contributor of global warming. Correlation analysis on tree-ring width and monthly precipitation and temperature of Katongkalagai from prior September to current September showed that tree-ring width was positive relative to mean temperature in June significantly with the coefficient over 0.60. The relationship was significative in plant physiology. Such relationship between ring width and temperature was also observed at the north slope and upper tree line at the south slope of Altai Mountains. The running correlation analysis between 31 a mean temperature in June and standardized chronology of tree-ring width showed that, with the temperature uprising, the correlation coefficient decreased slightly. The highest correlation coefficient is at the lower temperature stage before 1960s. In general, tree-ring width responded stably to the mean temperature in June. There seems no obvious “divergence response” in the south slope of Altai Mountains. The summer temperature was increasing slowly, in which the mean temperature in June at sampling site increased slightly, not enough to switch the growth response of Larix sibirica Ledeb.. However, the response of tree-ring width to temperature would change under the continued warming and drying pressures. The year of 1992 is an abnormal response year, that whether it is relative to Pinatubo volcano eruption is unknown.

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