期 刊 ：生态学报 2008年 28卷 6期 页码：2738~2738～2745
关键词：胁迫指数；状态指数；保护需求指数；区域评价模型；自然保护区；
Keywords:index of stress, index of state, index of protective requirement, area evaluation model, nature reserves,
摘 要 ：在综合分析中国自然保护区现状的基础上，提取数量、面积、生境破碎化、人口压力、经济开发压力5个要素建立中国自然保护区区域评价模型。模型由胁迫指数(IP)、状态指数(IS)、保护需求指数(CI)3个指数构成指标体系。提出了自然保护区有效性权重系数，用以将不同级别不同管理水平的自然保护区统一纳入到评价模型中，在一定程度上消除了自然保护区间保护水平差异对区域评价准确性的影响。应用该模型对中国大陆各省及各行政区间保护区发展水平进行了评价。结果表明，中国西部各省保护区（例如ISNorthwest China =10.82）建设状况良好，而东部经济发达省份，特别是华东地区的保护区当前状态（ISEast China =4.82）低于全国整体水平（ISNation wide =6.50）。同时，东部各省面临更大的潜在保护压力（例如IPEast China =10.99，IPNation wide=921）。应首先调整华东、华中、华南省份的保护区建设规划，同时加大投入、加强管理，加强西部省份经济活动对保护区管理和功能的影响的监测。
Abstract:The ratio of Chinas nature reserves to the size of the country has reached the level of developed countries, whereas some problems, such as classification, function, management and administration exist. One of the major problems is the disproportional level of reserve construction among different administrative regions. Customary area evaluating systems are directly related to the amount and total area of a reserve that can not reflect the construction and management situation and the environmental protection challenge faced by a reserve.
Five factors, namely, number, size, habitat fragmentation, population pressure and economic dispatch pressure derived from the overall analysis of the current situation of Chinas nature reserves were used to establish the area evaluation model. The parameters of the evaluation model were index of stress (IP), index of state (IS) and index of protection requirement (CI). The model reported here brought forward the effectiveness weight coefficient of nature reserves to balance the impact of different features and management level of nature reserves. The model colligating the essentials of ecology, management, society and economy, was used for evaluating the development conditions of nature reserves in different regions. This model with its neat and perspicuous structure not only reflected the actualities of nature reserves but also indicated the main problems facing reserve construction in future. Overall, the model could be employed for static construction evaluation among different nature reserves in a certain area. After that, this model was applied to evaluate the developmental situation of nature reserves in various provinces and districts in mainland China. The results showed that Chinas nature reserves in the west were well-protected, for example, as shown by ISNorthwest China =10.82. However, the situation was relatively worse in economically-developed eastern provinces. In particular, the index of protective requirement of East China was lower than the nationwide level (ISeast China=4.82 versus ISnationwide=6.50). At the same time, the western provinces were facing even greater potential stress (IPeast China=10.99 versus IPnationwide=9.21). Based on this study, following suggestions were made: (1) Construction programs of nature reserves should be adjusted in western, central ad southern China. Also, investment should be increased and management should be improved. (2) More attention should be paid to the impact of economic activities on the management and function of nature reserves.
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